No abstract available.
Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
H-Reflex*

Burns is children result in the loss of precious life, or if the child survives, in much suffering from physical, emotional, social, and economic problems. These burn accidents to children happen in the bustle of family life and frequently without any warning. With this background information, this study was designed to identity types of burns in children and mother's attitudes towards, and knowledge of burn prevention, in order, to not only, in still a safety consciousness regarding the seriousness of burn accidents and the strengthening prevention, but also as basic data towards the development of an educational program aimed at prevention. From May 1 to May 25 in 1997, data were collected from the mothers of children attending five day care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, which had been selected for the study. The tools used for the study, which were developed by the researchers, surveyed the type of burns suffered by children, mother's knowledge of burns and attitudes toward burn accidents. The data were analyzed through real numbers percentages and analysis was done using SPSS computer programs. The results of the study show that the most frequent type of burn accidents were those caused by hot water(55.4%) and these were frequently related to everyday habits that easily lead to danger. Further, the first aid treatment following a burn was weak. The majority of the mothers had not instructed their children on who to contact in the cape of a fire, first aid for burns, or how to take escape in the case of a fire. This left the children in a defenseless position in case of a fire. The mothers showed a lack knowledge, on what to do when a blaze is discovered, how to put out a fire, first aid for burns, escaping from a fire and appropriate water temperature, in that 50% of the time they answered incorrectly. From this study a prevention program, HIPP(Home Injury Prevention Program) could be developed that includes fire prevention habits and first aid for burns. This program can be used with kindergarten and elementary school children for group education fire prevention and can be used as a foundation for construction of a system of facilities and equipment to prevent fires and also prevent injury from fires.
Burns* ; Child* ; Consciousness ; Day Care, Medical ; Education ; Fires ; First Aid ; Humans ; Mothers ; Seoul ; United Nations ; Water ; Child Health

OBJECTIVE: It is widely accepted that the estrogen plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of this study is to compare the BMD between premature ovarian failure (POF) patients and spontaneous menopausal women, both of which are characterized by estrogen deficiency. METHOD: We compared the BMD of Lumbar 2-4 and Femur neck(right) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 17 premature ovarian failure patients and 21 spontaneous menopausal women. RESULTS: POF patients and spontaneous menopausal women showed the BMD of 1.000+/-0.165g/cm2, 1.167+/-0.279g/cm2 at Lumbar 2-4 and 0.793+/-0.132g/cm2, 0.885+/-0.128g/cm2 at Femur neck, respectively. POF patients had lower BMD of Lumbar 2-4 and Femur neck significantly(p<0.05). FSH and estradiol level were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the BMD in POF patients was decreased more severely than that of spontaneous menopausal women. Therefore, more preventive measures against bone loss is required in POF patients than spontaneous menopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency*

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign bone tumors usually involving extraarticular metaphysis of long bone. Solitary intra-articular osteochondroma arising from the elbow joint has rarely been reported. We present a case of 23-year-old female who had pain and limited motion of the left elbow as a result of intraarticular osteochondroma of the distal humerus. Arthroscopic excision of the osteochondroma yielded complete relief of symptoms. Absence of recurrence was confirmed radiographically at two years after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of osteochondroma of the elbow successfully treated arthroscopically.
Arthroscopy ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteochondroma* ; Recurrence ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Hand*

Following on from diagnosis using ultrasound, hydrostatic reduction using saline enema under ultrasoundguidance was tried in 20 cases of childhood intussusception. The conclusions were as follows: 1. Success rates ofsaline enema under ultrasound guidance during a frist-8 month period(P1) and a second 10 month period(P2) were55.6%(5/9) and 54.5%(6/11) respectively. Average succes rate was 55%(11/20). 2. During the periods of P1 and P2,no case was reduced by barium enema in 6 cases of failed reduction with saline enema. 3. During the period of P2, 5 cases of successful redution with saline enema were confirmed by clinical follow-up without barium enema. 4.During the periods of P1 and P2, 9 cases of failed reduction with saline enema were operated, resulting in 6 casesof segmental resection and 3 cases of manual reduction. 5. The obvious advantages of this method are: 1. Noradiation hazard. 2. No fear of barium peritonitis. 3. Detection of leading point. 6. With above results, thismethod could completely replace barium enema. And ultrasonography should be the initial study in the evaluation ofintussusception in children and then if necessary, saline enema under ultrasound guidance should be done.
Barium ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Methods ; Peritonitis ; Ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are quantitative changes in the mechanoreceptors in the anterior cruciate ligament of unstable knee with injured medial articular cartilage or medial ligament. Twenty specimens of anterior cruciate ligament were obtained from medial articular cartilage injury group and medial ligament injury group, respectively. Forty anterior cruciate ligaments of the other side of knee were used as controls. The ligaments were transected and stained with a modified gold-chloride method. Mechanoreceptors were located almost exclusively in the periligamentous synovial tissue. The results were as follows; 1. Three kinds of mechanoreceptors were found at the surface of each ligament beneath the synovial membrane. 2. The type 2 mechanoreceptor was more common than any other types in all groups. 3. In the medial articular cartilage injury group, the number of mechanoreceptor was significantly decreased and morphologically degradated with synovial degeneration than the control group. The same findings were noted in the medial ligament injury group(P<0.003). 4. There was no statistical difference between the two experimental groups in numher of the mechanoreceptor. In conclusion, the mechanoreceptor of the anterior cruciate ligament of unstable knee with injured medial articular cartilage and ligament in the rabbit were decreased in its numher and were degradated morphologically than the control group. And it was suggested that reduced proprioception in unstable knee might he an another cause of development of osteoarthritis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Mechanoreceptors* ; Osteoarthritis ; Proprioception ; Synovial Membrane

Transient synovitis of the hip in children is a non-specific inflammatory and self-limited condition. It is also the most common cause of painful hip in children under ten years of age. Despite of the benign prognosis, there are many difficulties in distinguishing it from other diseases of the hip joint. It remains a common diagnostic problem for clinician because the clinical symptoms, physical findings, and conventional radiography is not pathognomonic of the condition. The authors paid attention to the increase of effusion in the affected hip and studied the value of the hip ultrasonography in 24 cases of transient synovitis from August 1985 to July 1987. The results are summerized as follows : 1. The ratio of male to female was 7 to 1, average age was 7.9 yrs, average hospitalization period was 4.5 days. 2. In simple X-ray studies, no bony change was detectable except for soft tissue signs in 68% of the cases. 3. Capsule-to-bone distance in sagittal ultrasonographic section revealed abnormal increase in 87.5% of the affected hip. 4. Average capsule-to-bone distance of affected hip joint was 7.50 mm, while that of the normal hip was 4.26 mm. 5. As shown in the above studies, ultrasonography can be considered good noninvasive technique in detection and follow-up of hip effusion. So, it is thought to be a valuable method in the diagnosis of transient synovitis of the hip in children.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Synovitis ; Ultrasonography