The prognosis of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder is related to histopathologic parameters, among which the clinical stage and histopathologic grade are most important prognostic determiantors. Recently the immunohistochemical assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and nucleolar organizer region number(AgNORs) can obtain the PCNA, and AgNORs stainings were studied in 55 the sequential biopsies of 22 recurrent TCCs of the urinary bladder. 6 cases showed the increased changes of grade, of which 5 cases was independently to the change of grade. The AgNORs in 18 cases showed increase in 10 cases. The comparison between PCNA count and AgNORs score according to grade was performed in the changes between grade II and III, both PCNA count and AgNORs score were increased with in crease of grade. However, The change of the PCNA count was stastically significant, but not AgNORs score.
Biopsy

No abstract available.
Appendix* ; Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

Intussusception is most frequent and emergency condition of abdomen in infancy and childhood. But the causation of that is uncertain. In the method of treatment, primary barium reduction was recommended. This is a clinical observation of 51 cases of intussusception from January 1973 to December 1977 at Han-Il Hospital. The result were summarized as follows; 1) In age incidence, 72.55% of the patients were under 1 year of age. The highest morbidity (54.90%) occurred between 6 months to 12 months. 2) Males were affected more often than females ; the ratio was 1.8 : 1. 3) In seasonal incidence, 31.37% of patients occurred in Spring. 4) In artificial fed partients, the incidence was higher than others (54.35%). 5) Among siblings the first baby was most frequently affected (49.02%). 6) In development states(their body weight) 43.14% of them were over 91th precentile. 7) The cardinal symptoms and signs on admission were vomiting (82.35%), mucous bloody stool(78.43%), abdominal pain and irritability(66.67%), and abdominal mass(58.82%). 8) Most common type of intussusception was ileo-colic(50.98%) 9) Etiologically 90.20% of cases were idiopathic, but only 9.80% had organic causes. 10) In 50.98% of cases, bariumm enema was performed successfully, and surgical management with manual reduction and segmental resection was performed in 47.06%. 11) The recurrence rate was 3.92%.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Barium ; Child* ; Emergencies ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Intussusception* ; Male ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Siblings ; Vomiting

The occurence of pseudarthroses associated with neurofibromatosis is a well documented phenomenon, with the majority of reported cases in the tibia but quite rare in forearm,Only ten cases in the English-literature and one case in Korean-literature of this lesion revealed appearing in the bones of the forearm till now. Of these, four in solitary pseudarthroses of the ulna(4.5.15), five in a solitary lesion of the radius(7.8.10.16.17), and only two cases was on the both bones of the forearm(9.14). We are presenting the case report of a Korean adult male with the clinical stigmata and a positive familial history of neurofibrormotosis who had congenital pseudarthroses of both the radius and ulna of the right forearm. Therefore, the present case is the third to be reported. We treated him with by production of an one-bone forearm using a dual a onlay bone graft positioned in neutral of supination and pronation. A stable, functional extremity with good union of pseudarthroses were encountered.
Adult ; Christianity ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Inlays ; Male ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Pronation ; Pseudarthrosis ; Radius ; Supination ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Ulna

We measured poiyethylene wear radiographically in 85 cementless primary total hip arthroplasties by the modified technique of Livermore et al. All the patients were followed up for at least five years (mean, 6.31 years; range, 5 years-8 years 2 months). The mean extent of linear wear was 0.88mm (range, 0.0083-3.2839mm), and the mean rate of linear wear was 0.14mm/year(range, 0.00-0.47mm /year). The mean volumetric wear was 539.42mm (range, 5.11 2022.09mm), and the mean rate of volumetric wear was 87.69mm/year(range, 0.65-290.12mm/year). The polyethylene wear was correlated inversely with the patients age only, but was not influenced by weight or gender of the patients, Harris hip score, thickness of the polyethylene, the abduction angle of acetahular cup, or the duration of in situ implantation. Osteolysis developed in the femur of 34 hips(40%) and in the acetabulum of 11 hips(12.9%). Radiographic loosening was found in one case in the femur and none in the acetabul pm. The extent of polyethylene wear was significantly correlated with frequencies and sizes of the osteolytic lesion and was not directly associated with radiographic loosening of the prostheses. Calcar resorption was observed in 39 hips(45.9%) and was not associated with polyethylene wear. These results indicated that polyethylene wear of primary total hip arthroplasty should be considered one of major causes of osteolysis and has no direct relationship with prosthesis loosening. To reduce the extent of polyethylene wear, the material characteristics of polyethylene should be improved or new, durable, articulating materials should be researched.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Femur ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis* ; Polyethylene* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Failure

Anterior glenohumeral instability is mainly due to the Bankart lesion and capsular stretch. The differentiation between the Bankart lesion and capsular laxity may not be readily apparent on clinical examination. So, increasing attention has been directed toward preoperative evaluation of the labral lesion and capsular laxity. MRI and MR Arthrogram of 55 shoulders, 40 stable shoulders and 15 unstable shoulders that were confirmed by arthroscopic surgery, were reviewed to evaluate the labral and capsular shapes, especially the lesions of labroligamentous complex. To evaluate and compare the capsular laxity, we measured the anterior capsular insertion type, capsular ballooning, capsular insertion angle and anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament. And the following results were obtained; 1) The shape of anterior labrum was varied in the superior, middle and inferior potions in 40 stable shoulders. The anterior labral lesions were shown as torn(eight cases), displaced(six cases) and no detectable labrum(one case), in 15 unstable shoulders. Also, there were a significant di fference in the evaluation of the anteior labrum shape between MRI and MR arthrography. 2) There were not a significant difference in the type III capsular insertion type, capsular ballooning and capsular insertion angle between the stable and unstable shoulders. However, it was found that the shape of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament had definite difference between the two groups. And so, more experience and attention should be given for the accurate preoperative evaluation of the anterior labroligamentous complex in shoulder instability.
Arthrography* ; Arthroscopy ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Shoulder

Femoral head and neck fractures during the course of avascular necrosis are rare with only few reports in the English literature. Moreover, there are very few reports on an analysis of the patterns of these fractures. Four cases of femoral head fracture caused by minor trauma, which were quite different from the crescent fractures during the course of avascular necrosis were analyzed in regard to the underlying disease, causes, sites, types, directions, pattern of fractures and the injury mechanism of the fractures. The results are reported with special regard to the pattern of the stress fracture of the femoral head and neck during the course of avascular necrosis.
Fractures, Stress ; Head* ; Neck* ; Necrosis*

Recently, NAG activity has gained increasing importance as and aid in the diagnosis of renoparenchymal diseases. Elevation of urine NAG activity has been found to be an indicator of renoparenchymnal diseases. To evaluate the diagnostic value of the NAG activity test in the renal disease, we carried out clinical study on 31 cases of renal disease patients who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital between March 1992 and February 1993. We analyese by two data: (1) Stastical Package for the Social Science. (2) Students'T test. The results were as follows 1) The urine NAG activity significantly increased (p<0.05) to 69.9+/-5165.69U/hr/mg Creatinine (U/hr/mg Cr) in the renal disease group compared to 3.6+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. 2) The serum NAG activity was 11.69+/-5.18U/L in the renal disease group and 10.58+/-4.04U/L in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum NAG sctivity between two groups. 3) In the renal disease group, the serum NAG activity was 10.78+/-3.32U/L in male 12.53+/-6.47U/L in female. There was no significant difference between both sexes. In the renal disease, the urine NAG activity was 33.62+/-30.67U/hr/mg Cr in male and 114.05+/-241.62U/hr/mg Cr female. There was no significant difference between both sexes (p<0.05). 4) In the renal disease group, the urine NAG activity increased 314.73+/-420.39U/hr/mg Cr in the 2 years old group but there was no significant difference of urine NAG activity compared to above 2 years old group . 5) The urine NAG activities were 93.1+/-0193.04U/hr/mg Cr in the poteinuria subgroup and 13.3+/-47.62U/hr/mg Cr in the nonproteinuria subgroup and 3.66+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. There was no significant difference between the proteinuria subgroup and the nonproteinuria subgroup. but there was significant difference between nonproteinuria subgroup and control grouop(p<0.005).
Child, Preschool ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Social Sciences

No abstract available.
De Lange Syndrome*