No abstract available.
Korea* ; Marketing* ; Sildenafil Citrate*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Marketing* ; Sildenafil Citrate*

No abstract available.
Health Policy* ; Hope*

【Objective】 To study the effects of docosahexaenoic ac id (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) intake on the visual and cognitive function o f preterm infants. 【Methods】 32 preterm infants (gestational age<37 weeks) wer e divided into three groups which were fed with different formula respectively: group A, breast milk(n=11); group B, a conventional formula lacking DHA and AA (n=10); group C, DHA and AA enriched formula (n=11). Group C was stop ped to fed enriched formula when infant's weight reached (2.50±0.10) kg. Cognitiv e function was evaluated by NBNA test when the corrected age of each preterm inf ant was 42 week±7 day, ERG of both eyes was tested at three-months old. The ex periment lasted for three months. 【Results】 Cognitive and visual function of g roup C were similar to group A, however, some indexes of group B were significan tly lower than group A and C (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Adding DHA and AA to f ormulas similar to breast milk in amounts, can improve cognitive and visual func tion of preterm infants, and help these infants to achieve similar cognitive and visual function to those breast-milk-fed preterm infants.

Central nervous system (CNS) injury, including brain injury and spinal cord injury, has higher disability and mortality. Therefore, CNS injury repair has been a research emphasis and focus in the field of neuroscience. The limited neurons intrinsic regenerative capacity in adult mammalians is one of the reasons of regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. However, the more important reason is the formation of inhibitive glial microenvironment at the local lesion sites. This article reviews the roles of all types of cells, such as astrocyte, microglia, taxi oligodendroglia in gtial microenvironment in CNS injury repair.

Objective To investigate the effects of FTY720 on retinal photoreceptor cells and microglial following light-induced degeneration in rat retina.Methods 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including FTY720 group,solvent control group,model group and normal group.The rats of normal group were not intervened.The FTY720 group,solvent control group and model group establish retinal light injury mode.FTY720 was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in FTY720 group 0.5 hours before light exposure.50％ dimethylsulfoxide was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in solvent control group.The expressions of microglial cells in rat retinal were quantified using flow cytometry,the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay at 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days after light exposure.The apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells were measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling at 1 day after light exposure.The morphological change of retinal were viewed by haematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after light exposure.Results The expressions of microgilal and IL-1β began to rise at 1 day after light exposure,reached at peak at 3 days and decreased at 7 days.The expressions of IL-1βand microglial in FTY720 group were significantly lower than solvent control group and model group,but higher than normal group (P＜0.05).One day after exposure to light,the apoptosis cell ratio in normal group,model group,solvent control group and FTY720 group were 0,(87.66 ± 2.50) ％,(86.00 ± 2.44) ％,(49.66 ± 2.80) ％.The apoptosis cell in FTY720 group were higher than normal group,lower than solvent control group and model group (P＜0.05).Seven days after exposure to light,the retinal in normal group was structured and the cell was arranged well,the cell in solvent control group and model group was irregular arrangement and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was thin after light exposure.The thickness of the ONL in FTY720 group was significantly higher than solvent control group and model group,below normal group.Conclusion FTY720 can prevents retinal photoreceptor cells from apoptosis and inhibits activation of microglial.

Tumor biomarkers are bioactive substance and antigen produced by lung cancer tissue and cell because of oncogene abnormal expression including protien, enzyme and hormone et al. In recent years, tumor biomarker has been one of the most active areas in basic research and clinical investigation of oncology. A variety of tumor biomarkers have been shown to have potential applications in accessory diagnosis, clinical typing, prognosis, and therapeutic response amd target therapy of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss about a dozen of tumor biomarkers associated with lung cancer, including CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1, PCNA, VEGF, EGFR and LTA.

11?-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the main causes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),which is caused by the mutation of CYP11B1 gene that encodes the enzyme.Researches have shown that mutations of CYP11B1 gene would result in decreased activity or inactivation of the enzyme in classical 11?- hydroxylase deficiency,and their relationship between genotype and phenotype of 11?-hydroxylase deficiency is not clear.

Objective To explore the value of Ligasure and Ultracision in total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Methods From January 2002 to December 2006,totally 225 patients received total laparoscopic hysterectomy in our hospital. Among the cases,Ligasure was used in 152 patients,and Ultracision were employed in 72. The clinical data of the patients were reviewed. Results The mean operation time in the Ligasure group was significantly shorter than that in the Ultracision group [(104.9?29.2) min vs. (152.4?46.6) min,t=-9.329,P=0.000]. And the mean blood loss of the Ligasure group was significantly less than that in the other group [(32.9?14.9) ml vs. (126.4?12.1) ml,t=-46.710,P=0.000]. In both the groups,no patient was converted to open surgery or developed complications or surgical injuries. Conclusions Both Ligasure and Ultracision are safe and effective for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Ligasure is superior in the management of uterine vessels,while the Ultracision is more effective in opening the vesicle and separating the cardinal ligament.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic operations of ovarian tumors in children.Methods A total of 24 children with ovarian tumors treated laparoscopically from January 2000 to March 2005 were studied.The laparoscopic operations(tumor enucleation or unilateral adnexectomy) were conducted under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.Electrocoagulation of the capsule was performed alongside the borderline of the lesion for tumors 5 cm in diameter.After blunt dissection of the tumor and capsule,the lesion was completely enucleated.Hemostasis of the residual cut surface was accomplished by using electrocoagulation,with no need of suture. For large ovarian cysts disturbing laparoscopic visualization,the aspiration of hydatid fluid was conducted before the enucleation.Results All the operations were successful completed under laparoscope,including 24 cases of tumor enucleation and 2 cases of unilateral adnexectomy.The operation time was 50?20 min,the amount of hemorrhage was 30?10 ml,and the postoperative hospital stay was 2~4 d.No surgical complications or wound infection occurred.Follow-up in the 24 cases for 1 year found no recurrence.Conclusions Laparoscopic operations for ovarian tumor in children is safe and effective.