PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify premorbid personality, depression and disturbing behaviors to provide information for developing nursing interventions for the pre-demented and mild demented elderly living as residents of their community. METHOD: The survey was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire in J city. Among the subjects contacted, 89 made appropriate replies to the survey. RESULT: The subjects' disturbing behaviors were significantly related to premorbid personality and depression. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the pre-demented elderly were sex, extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the mild demented elderly were agreeableness, depression, sex, conscientiousness, and extroversion. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, disturbing behaviors of pre-demented elderly and mild demented elderly are affected not only by their premorbid personality but also by their depression. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and respond to them with understanding their disturbing, behaviors in relation to their premorbid personality. In addition. it is important to maintain positive emotion in order to reduce their disturbing behaviors.
Aged* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Since the first report of a case by Heidingsfeld(1918), Atropbia Maculosa Varioliformis Cutis has heen rarely and no authentic bistologic findings have been reporte9. Recently we observed this disorder in a 12 years old girl who showed punched out macular atrophic lesions with flat base, round or irreguIar in shape, 14 in number and 0. 1 x 0. 1crn 3 x 3. 5cm in size appearing on the face, right buttock and flank. The Liistology showed flatted epidermis vith hyperkeratosis, thick connective tissue fibers mostly running paralell to the surface of the skin, disappearance of elastica in the upper derrnisend short frail elastic fibers in the mid dermis. The literature concerning atrophy of the skin is reviewed.
Atrophy ; Buttocks ; Child ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Rubber ; Running ; Skin

A free radical gas, nitric oxide NO), has many useful functions when produced under physiological conditions by neurons and endothelial cells. However, excess NO has been reported to exert cytotoxic effects by direct toxicity or by reaction with superoxide. Nitric oxide can react with superoxide to generate peroxynitrite which is as reactive as the hydroxyl radical. This study was attempted to observe formation of peroxynitrite and change in amount of NO synthase(NOS) in reperfused skin flap of rats following ischemia. 3-nitro-L-tyrosine, as direct evidence of peroxynitritemediated tissue damage, as well as endothelial and inducible NO synthase(eNOS and iNOS) were studied in ischemic and reperfused skin using western blot analysis. In addition, HNE-modified proteins, as direct evidence of oxidative tissue damage by reactive oxygen species(ROS), was also evaluated. Skin specimens were obtained over time from island skin flaps(3x3 cm2) of rats under the following two conditions: 1) reperfusion following 5 hours of ischemia, and 2) reperfusion following 10 hours of ischemia. In reperfused skin after 5 hours of ischemia, formation of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine and HNE-modified proteins was decreased 1 hour after reperfusion. However, they were thereafter increased and reached a maximum (3-nitro-L-tyrosine: 142%,HNE-modified proteins:237%) 6 hours after reperfusion. In reperfused skin after 10 hours of ischemia, formation of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine and HNE-modified proteins was increased 3 hours post reperfusion, and reached a maximum (3-nitro-L-tyrosine:178%, HNE-modified proteins: 204%) 6 hours after reperfusion. eNOS and iNOS were decreased 1,3 and 6 hours reperfusion following both 5 and 10 hours of ischemia. These results indicate that peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity is involved in ischemic reperfused skin despite the fact that the amounts of both iNOS and eNOS are decreased.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Endothelial Cells ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Peroxynitrous Acid ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Skin* ; Superoxides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cultural competency of visiting nurses and community health practitioners and explore factors that are related with their cultural competency. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 113 visiting nurses and 103 community health practitioners working in Gangwon-do. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on May 24, 2011. The SPSS/WIN 17.0 program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The average score for cultural competency of visiting nurses was 2.76+/-0.60 and that of community health practitioners 2.91+/-0.51. Most of subjects received no multicultural education (78.0% for nurses, 85.7% for community health nurses). Factors influencing cultural competency were number of service experience for multicultural clients and participation of multicultural education. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop systematic educational programs to enhance the cultural competency of nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Cultural Competency ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Application of local flaps for releasing postburn scar contracture has been limited because of a problem of invisible loss, difficulty to obtain the satisfactory result against correction of limitation of motion and possibility of contour deformity. However, proper use of local flaps, accurate designs and complete wound compression for a long term after operation enable to obtain good results in correction of some cases of postburn scar contracture. It will be related to reduce unsightly scaring when contractures are released. For this purpose, we have used a modified planimetric Z-plasty, a subcutaneous pedicle flap, a new classification V-Y plasties which was proposed based on the new concept and their combination. Proper application of local flaps corresponding to the degree of contracture and shape of burn scar have enabled to increase the use of local flaps against correction of postburn scar contracture during our past 15 years, from 1982 to 1997, we treated 235 cases of postburn scar or scar contracture in various regions except for the face. Of these, 177 cases were applicated with local flaps and we could have a good results in both aspects of function and appearance. We report our operative methods, a criterion to application of local flaps and representative results.
Burns ; Cicatrix* ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture* ; Wounds and Injuries

A survey was conducted by the staff of the Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, from April through May 1971, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and family planning. The survey directed to a total population 6,552 (Male 3,133; Female 3,419) residing in this area (1,262 households) led us to the following findings : 1) Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rates were 24.9, 5.0 and 19.9 respectively. 2) Infant death rates for the years 1969 and 1970 were 13.2 and 5.8 respectively, mean for the two year period being 9.3. 3) Hospital deliveries rated 68.5 percent, Home deliveries 28.4 percent and deliveries at midwives' offices 2.7 percent. 4) Deliveries other than hospital and midwives' office deliveries were found to be attended more often by mothers. 5) About 41.4 percent of all pregnant women during last two years received prenatal care once or more. 6) The induced abortion rate was 6.7 percent in 1969 and 7.5 percent in 1970. 7) The spontaneous abortion rate was 1.1 percent in 1969 and 1.4 percent in 1970. 8) Hypertension was the most frequent cause of adult death(21.6%). 9) The rate of current practice in family planning was 43.3 percent of all women.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Adult ; Birth Rate ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parturition* ; Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Preventive Medicine

A survey was conducted by the staff of the Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, from April through May 1971, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and family planning. The survey directed to a total population 6,552 (Male 3,133; Female 3,419) residing in this area (1,262 households) led us to the following findings : 1) Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rates were 24.9, 5.0 and 19.9 respectively. 2) Infant death rates for the years 1969 and 1970 were 13.2 and 5.8 respectively, mean for the two year period being 9.3. 3) Hospital deliveries rated 68.5 percent, Home deliveries 28.4 percent and deliveries at midwives' offices 2.7 percent. 4) Deliveries other than hospital and midwives' office deliveries were found to be attended more often by mothers. 5) About 41.4 percent of all pregnant women during last two years received prenatal care once or more. 6) The induced abortion rate was 6.7 percent in 1969 and 7.5 percent in 1970. 7) The spontaneous abortion rate was 1.1 percent in 1969 and 1.4 percent in 1970. 8) Hypertension was the most frequent cause of adult death(21.6%). 9) The rate of current practice in family planning was 43.3 percent of all women.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Adult ; Birth Rate ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parturition* ; Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Preventive Medicine

To obtain a useful method for the identification of mycobacteria in tissue section, we evaluated 118 cases of tuberculosis: 48 pulm onary, 14 lymph nodal and 56 synovial tuberculosis. Seventy nine of these cases underwent the culture study. Sections stained with anti-Mycobacterium bovis were compared with the results of the Zieh1-Neelsen stain and culture. The immunohistochemical stain for Mycobacterium bovis in al examined cases was not any more sensitive than the Zieh1-Neelsen stain(p>0.05). Neverthless, the immunohistochemical stain was a useful method for the localization of mycobacteria because of the striking contrast between its background and the wider dimension of a positive area. Immunoreactive areas demonstrated a few intact mycobacteria showing a positive reaction in the Zieh1-Neelsen stain. In conclusion, double staining method using the immunohischemical stain for Mycobacterium bovis and the Zieh1-Neelsen stain is an efficient technique in oder to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

PURPOSE: One of the major keys to achieve successful osseointegration of the implant is its surface properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to dental implants with different surface characteristics using the rabbit tibia model. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) coated, anodic oxidized and turned (control) surfaces were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy two implants were placed in the tibia of eighteen rabbits. Nine rabbits were sacrificed at 3 weeks of healing and the remaining nine were sacrificed at 6 weeks of healing. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone volume density (BVD) were assessed by light microscope after 3 and 6 weeks of healing. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that no significant differences in the BIC and BVD were observed between the different implant surfaces and the control group at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Data also suggested that the BVD of all the surfaces showed significant difference at 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The present study has showed that osseointegration occurred in all investigated types of surface-treated implants. In the current study all of the threads of the implants were observed to calculate BIC and BVD values (instead of choosing some of the threads from the bone cortex for example), which didn't make BIC or BVD percentage values better than in the control group, therefore the clinical relevance of these results remains to be shown.
Calcium Phosphates ; Dental Implants ; Light ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Surface Properties ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the signal intensity and size of anterior pituitary gland in postpartum women, and to compare with those of control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 34 postpartum women(18-43 years, mean:27 years) and another 35 control nonpregnant women(20-29 years, mean :24 years), midsagittal Tl-weighted MR images were obtained. The signal intensity and height of the anterior pituitary gland were compared between the post-partum and normal control groups. RESULTS: In postpartum women, the signal intensity of the anterior pituitary gland relative to the pons was higher than that of the control gorup. Pituitary gland height of postpartum women was higher(5-11. 8mm, mean:8.18 +/- 1.8mm) than that of control group(2-9mm, mean :6.2 +/- 1.7mm). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the hyperintensity of the anterior pituitary gland on Tl-weighted image is a normal finding in postpartum women, which is useful in differentiation from pituitary abnormality.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior* ; Pons ; Postpartum Period*