No abstract available.
Animals ; Blood Platelets* ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene* ; Rats* ; Streptococcus* ; Thrombin*

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic disease characterized by excessive fatiguability of striated muscle. The illness has a tendency to exacerbation and to the periods of spontaneous remission. The auther observed a case of ocular myasthenia gravis who has gained spontaneous remission 5 years after from the onset, and reviewed the references related to this disease.
Chronic Disease ; Muscle, Striated ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Remission, Spontaneous

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Approxinately 30%-70% of patients hospitalized receive intravenous(IV) therapy[l-4], It is generally believed that many hospitalized patients experienced IV therapy related complications-including infiltration(swelling), phlebitis, pain, suppurative phlebitis and bacterernia. These complications may be critical to ill children in the hopsital. This study was done to assess the IV therapy related complications and characteristics od the phlebitis of the hospitalized children. METHODS: We collected date prospectively from December 8, 1994 to December 14 at the tertiary care hospital in Seoul. The subhects of this study were children who got new IV catheters during that period. RESULTS: There were 306 new cases(176 children) that got IV therapy and which meant 63.8 per 100 discharge patients. Male(62.8%), pediatric surgery patients(70.6%) were more than female(37.2%) and pediatrucs(28.4%) respectively. The usually used IV sites were the upper extermities(71.3%). Among various purposes of IV therapy, the most common was to administer drugs(74.2%) including antibiotics, and next was to keep vein open (41.2%). By the way, 172 cases(56.3%) had IV related complications and 14 resulted in phlebitis. The most common IV related complication of hospitalized children was swelling(35.1%). The incidence of IV related complication of hospitalized children was swelling(35.1%). The incidence of IV phlebits was higher in pediaterics than in pediatrid surgery (P<0.05), over 12 years old than under that aged patients (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that many hospitalized children experienced the IV related complications. In order to decrease the IV related complications, reduce the incidence and thorough care is recommanded.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Child* ; Child, Hospitalized ; Humans ; Incidence ; Phlebitis ; Prospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Veins

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

BACKGROUND: Naringin, one of the flavonoids in citrus fruit peels, is known to have antioxidant and hepatotonic effects in animal studies. We evaluated the effect of naringin on 1) blood lipid profiles, 2) regression of fatty streak of aorta, and 3) liver toxicity in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand White Rabbits (2.0 - 2.5 Kg) were divided to three groups; group without treatment, group treated with 100 mg/kg/d or 500 mg/kg/d naringin, and group treated with 1 mg/kg/d or 20 mg/kg/d lovastatin. They were fed on 0.25% or 1.0% cholesterol-containing diet for 8 weeks and then sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for measurement of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, serum GOT and GPT. Aortas and livers were harvested for evaluation of fatty streak and pathologic examination. RESULTS: 1)Feeding of 1% cholesterol diet for eight weeks significantly increased the cholesterol level upto 20 folds. Neither lovastatin nor naringin did lower these marked hypercholesterolemia. But both naringin (500 mg/kg/d) and lovastatin (1 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the area of fatty streak by 75% and 58%, respectively. Naringin was more effective in inhibition of fat infiltration into liver than lovastatin which showed hepatotoxicity as increase of serum GPT level (p=0.01). 2)Feeding of 0.25% cholesterol diet for eight weeks significantly increased the cholesterol level upto 17 folds. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels tended to decrease by treatment with naringin (500 mg/kg/d) and lovastatin (20 mg/kg/d), but this decreases were not statistically significant. However, areas of fatty streak significantly decreased by treatment with naringin and lovastatin by 64 and 82%, respectively (p<0.05). Microscopic analysis revealed that foam cell infiltration into intima was significantly reduced by naringin and lovastatin. In contrast to lovastatin, naringin significantly reduced the level of serum GPT (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Like lovastatin, naringin has strong antiatherogenic action which may not be associated with its very mild lipid lowering action. In contrast to lovastatin, naringin does have hepatoprotective effect.
Animals ; Aorta ; Cholesterol ; Citrus ; Diet ; Flavonoids ; Foam Cells ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Liver ; Lovastatin ; Rabbits* ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate common symptoms and severities of swallowing disorders in pediatric patients with a central nervous system disorder. METHOD: Twenty six pediatric patients with age ranging from 1 month to 3 years who had complained feeding and swallowing difficulties were studied. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a central nervous system disorder. After taking the history and physical examination, a bedside swallowing test and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study were done. The parameters of oral preparatory phase, oral phase and pharyngeal phase were evaluated. RESULTS: In the bedside swallowing test, the patients with a central nervous system disorder showed a significantly higher incidence of decreased swallowing reflex, postural abnormality, tendency of poor secretion control and absent gag reflex. In the videofluoroscopic swallowing study, patients with a central nervous system disorder showed delayed oral transport time, poor oral control, pharyngeal triggering, aspiration, nasal regurgitation and esophageal reflux. Compared to the patients without a central nervous system disorder, the patients with a central nervous system disorder showed a significantly higher incidence of decreased pharyngeal peristalsis and delayed pharyngeal triggering. The patients with a central nervous system disorder also showed a more profound swallowing disorder than that of the patients without a central nervous system disorder, having more chances of a non-oral feeding than those without a central nervous system disorder. CONCLUSION: The children with a swallowing disorder and central nervous system disordershowed the different features from those without a central nervous system disorder in the bedside swallowing test and videofluoroscopic swallowing study. So that a complete swallowing evaluation including the videofluoroscopic a swallowing study will be helpful to children with swallowing disorder and central nervous system disorder for the evaluation and treatment of pharyngeal stage swallowing dysfunction.
Central Nervous System Diseases* ; Central Nervous System* ; Child ; Deglutition Disorders* ; Deglutition* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Incidence ; Peristalsis ; Physical Examination ; Reflex

OBJECTIVES: Geographic disparities in access to secondary pediatric care remain a significant issue in countries with universal health coverage, including Korea. This study investigated the link between geographic access to secondary pediatric care and mortality rates in children and adolescents (0-19 years) in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed district-level data to assess the percentage of those aged 0-19 years residing outside of a 60-minute travel radius from the nearest secondary pediatric care provider (accessibility vulnerability index, AVI). RESULTS: The AVI ranged from 0% to 100% across the districts for the study period. The confidence interval (CI) was -0.30 (95% CI, -0.41 to -0.19) in 2017 and -0.41 (95% CI, -0.52 to -0.30) in 2021, indicating that the proportion of those who could not access care within 60 minutes was disproportionately higher in districts with lower socioeconomic status. We found 8% rise in mortality rates among individuals aged 0-19 years for every 10% increase in AVI (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.10). CONCLUSIONS The study highlights disparities in pediatric care access and their impact on child survival, emphasizing the need for improved access to achieve true universal health coverage.

A total of 6043 surgical cases were performed at S.D.A. Hospital from 1973 to 1979. These were analyzed statistically according to yearly numbers and emergency states, age, sex, anesthetic methods, anesthetic technique, duration of anesthesia, anesthetic agents and mortality. These were all inpatients operated under general anesthesia, and the results are as follows. Results. 1) Yearly numbers and emergency numbers were steadily increasing. 2) Sex ratio was 65%: 35% 2887 male cases(47.7%) and 5156 female cases(52.23%). 3) More than half of the age group was adult(21 to 60 years) 4) Halothane, nitrous oxide and neuromuscular blocker were used with increasing tendency. 5) The anesthetic technique was, in more than 90% of cases, was circle absorption system. 6) General surgery cases were 40% of the total of all departments. 7) In 66.95% of anesthesias the duration was 1 to 3 hours. 8) General anesthesia group was 98.63%. 9) Deathe occurred in 6 cases our of a total of 6043 cases.
Absorption ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Emergencies ; Female ; Halothane ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Mortality ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Nitrous Oxide ; Sex Ratio

Although MR imaging is generally applicable to depict knee joint deterioration it, is sometimes occurred to mis-read and mis-diagnose the common knee joint diseases. In this study, we employed magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) method to improve the diagnosis of the various knee joint diseases. Spin-echo (SE) T2-weighted images (TR/TE 3,400-3,500/90?100 ms) were obtained in seven cases of knee joint deterioration, FSE T2-weighted images (TR/TE 4,500-5,000/100?108 ms) were obtained in seven cases of knee joint deterioration, gradient-echo (GRE) T2-weighted images (TR/TE 9/4.56/50degrees flip angle, NEX 1) were obtained in 3 cases of knee joint deterioration, In six cases of knee joint deterioration, fat suppression was performed using a T2-weighted short T1/tau inverse recovery (STIR) sequence (TR/TE =2,894-3,215 ms/70 ms, NEX 3, ETL 9). Calculation of MTR for individual pixels was performed on registration of unsaturated and saturated images. After processing to make MTR images, the images were displayed in gray color. For improving diagnosis, three-dimensional isotropic volume images, the MR tristimulus color mapping and the MTR map was employed. MTR images showed diagnostic images quality to assess the patients' pathologies. The intensity difference between MTR images and conventional MRI was seen on the color bar. The profile graph on MTR imaging effect showed a quantitative measure of the relative decrease in signal intensity due to the MT pulse. To diagnose the pathologies of the knee joint, the profile graph data was shown on the image as a small cross. The present study indicated that MTR images in the knee joint were feasible. Investigation of physical change on MTR imaging enables to provide us more insight in the physical and technical basis of MTR imaging. MTR images could be useful for rapid assessment of diseases that we examine unambiguous contrast in MT images of knee disorder patients.
Knee ; Knee Joint ; Magnets