No abstract available.
Nucleic Acids*

No abstract available.
Fosinopril* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

The electrical burns constitute a unique type of thermal injury and usually consist of a limited area of cutaneous burn, but associated with deep muscle damage of variable extent. The deep tissue destruction resulting from such injury leads to high incidence of amputation. So electrical burns are different from other types of injuries requiring individualized and varied methods of treatment, such as early fasciotomy, repeated debridement, wound coverage and technique of amputation. During 5 years from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1992, we experienced 310 cases of electrical burn. We analyzed these cases on the aspects of functional result and necessity of amputation according to the treatment variability. The result showed the extent of burn in amputation group was 11.6%, salvage group 13.1%, with no difference of extent between 2 groups(p>0.05, by qui square test). When the fasciotomy was done earlier than 12 hours after injury showed 39.1% of more than good functional result, when later than 12 hours 7.7% of more than good, that is, earlier fasciotomy resulted in better function(p < 0.05, qui square test). The amputation rate was 23.9% during the last 5 years which was a marked improvment when compared to the previous ten years(32.4%). From these results we concluded that in order to reduce the rate of amputation and to improve the function of patients, early fasciotomy, early repeated debridement and wound coverage is necessary.
Amputation ; Burns ; Debridement ; Humans ; Incidence ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Latency Period (Psychology)* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Rabbits*

The percutaneous pinning is a simple, effective method for the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. But there is some controversy in the number of pins used and the method of pin insertion. The cross pinning method provides more stability at the fracture site but the risk of ulnar nerve damage is higher than in lateral pinning method, The senenty-one displaced extension type supracondylar fractures were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous cross pinning from January 1991 to October 1994. Among them, the medial pin was inserted in elbow extension in twenty-eight cases and in forty- three cases the medial pin was inserted in elbow flexion. Ulnar nerve injury occured postoperatively in six cases, in which the pin was inserted with the elbow in flexion position. These results may suggest that when percutaneous cross pinning method is selected to fix the supracondylar fracture of the humerus, it would be safer to insert one or two lateral pins with the elbow in full flexion position followed by one medial pin in extension position in order to reduce the risk of loss of reduction and ulnar nerve damage.
Child ; Elbow ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods ; Ulnar Nerve

Spinal stenosis was defined as any type of narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve canals or intervertebral foramina. It is difficult to diagnose spinal stenosis due to obscure symptoms and signs, and there is not established theory on its surgical treatment. Two hundred and three patients who had been treated surgically for lumbar spinal stenosis between 1979 and 1985 at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, were studied in an attempt to define the etiology and the diagnosis, and to assess the results of surgical treatment. They were followed up from 1 year to 8 years with average duration of 3.5 years. 1. Degenerative change in the lumbar spine was the principal etiologic factor in 142 patients (70.0%) Spondylolisthesis was found in 47 patients (23 1%). 2. Back pain(81.3%) and intermittent claudication(71.4%) were the predominant symptoms, and sensory (61.1%) and motor(59.6%) deficit were the leading signs. Limitation of straight leg raising was observed only in 12.3%. 3. The most common myelographic finding was hourglass defect(38.4%) and that of CT was facet joint hypertrophy(97.6%). Preoperative CT with myelographic findings were confirmed intraoperatively in 97.4%, revealing their diagnostic significance. 4. Total laminectomy combined with foraminotomy and posterolateral fusion was the most frequently employed procedure and performed in 153 patients(75.4%). 5. The results were classified as excellent or good in 88.2%. Whether or not Knodt rod was used for internal fixation, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in reation to the results(P>0.05). Factors for satisfactory results were adequate decompression and posterolateral fusion with sufficient bone graft.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Foraminotomy ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Orthopedics ; Seoul ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants ; Zygapophyseal Joint

No abstract available.
Hip* ; Pyomyositis*

Pulmonary Embolism, one of the causes of maternal death, is a life threatening disease that needs early and accurate diagnosis. We have exprerienced a case of a fatal pulmonary embolism which was diagnosed by lung perfusion scan on the postoperative 1 day after cesarean delivery and was managed with heparin therapy. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.
Diagnosis ; Heparin ; Lung ; Maternal Death ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism*

BACKGROUND: The growing number of spinal cord injured individuals facing old age makes the understanding of age related limitations increasingly important. This study was to investigate the age-related differences in rehabilitation outcome according to the level of cervical spinal cord injury and each category of activity of daily living(ADL). METHODS: Subjects were 79 adults with tetraplegia all of whom were admitted in National Rehabilitation Hospital. The level of injury was classified into upper cervical(C4, C5), mid-cervical(C6), and lower cervical(C7, C8) spinal cord injury. Eight ADL categories including feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, bed-transfer, toilet/tub transfer, and indoor mobility were assessed using the scale of Spinal Cord Independence Measure. Age related differences were examined by separating the sample into two age groups(> or =40 and <40 years) RESULTS: There was no age related difference in rehabilitation outcome in upper cervical cord injury patients. In mid-cervical cord injury level, ADL capacities differed only in the feeding and grooming activities. In lower cervical cord injury level, older patients showed lower rehabilitation outcome than younger counterparts in all ADL categories examined. CONCLUSION: Along with injury level, age should be considered when formulating rehabilitation plans and functional prognostic statements in tetraplegic patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Animals ; Bandages ; Baths ; Grooming ; Humans ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Treatment Outcome*

OBJECTIVES: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) is one of the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). This study reports the clinical charac teristics of PCP in the patients with AIDS and prognostic factors for short-term survival of them. METHODS: We investigated 43 patients of AIDS to evaluate the frequency of PCP in patients in AIDS by retrospective analysis, and classified the 17 patients with PCP into survivors and non-survivors to compare epide miology, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. We also analyzed whether the these findings influenced the short-term survival in patients with PCP that was combined with AIDS. RESULTS: In this retrospective study of 43 patients of AIDS, the frequency of PCP in AIDS patients was relatively high as 17 patients(39%), of whom eight pa tients(47%) died of PCP. The epidemiologic findings such as age, route of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection and co-existing disease were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. Coughing was the most common symptom and bilateral infiltrates of lung was the most common form in the chest X-ray examination. But these clinical features were similar in the both groups. Total lymphocyte count, CD4 cell count, serum albumin level and arterial oxygen tension were decreased and serum LDH was increased in patients with PCP that was the first episode in patients with AIDS. Lymphocyte and CD4 cell count were significantly lower in the non-survivor group (p=.002 and p=.03, respec tively). Survivors had higher serum albumin level and arterial oxygen tension than non-survivors (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). And non-survivors were found to have higher serum LDH level than survivors (p=.02). CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte and CD4 cell counts, serum albumin and LDH, and arterial oxygen tension may be considered as the prognostic factors for short-term sur vival of patients with PCP that is combined with AIDS.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cough ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Opportunistic Infections ; Oxygen ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Survivors ; Thorax