No abstract available.
Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic*

No abstract available.
Antiviral Agents* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic*

It is well known that effect of roentgen rays upon skeletal system in human and animal causes those following pathologic changes, such as, osteitis, bony necrosis, pathological fracture, alteration of growth and malignant tumor etc. Recently the clinical application of roentgen rays are gradually increased for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment in various spinal disorders. Many investigators, for a long period, since Perthes attracted his studies toward bony dysplasia due to effect of roentgen rays in 1903, reported the effects of roentgen ray upon skeletal system. Tribondeau and Recamier reported the first microscopic study of irradiated bone, and concluded that roentgen ray caused stunting of growth but that no histological changes were demonstrated. It is difficult to find out the literature of histological study of growing bone, but except for the studies of Hinkel, Barr and associated in 1943 and particularly, as far as authors knowledge is concerned, there is few report concerning the effect of roentgen rays upon growing spine. Author interested in the effect of roentgen rays upon growing spine, especially vertebral diaphyseal plate, disc and bone marrow, and had an experimentation of effect on roentgen rays upon the growing spines in fourty immature rabbits. Fourty immature rabbits, age ranged between 4 to 8 weeks and weighted between 500 to 700gm. and fed by the routine animal diet. All rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups; Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4. Those rabbits except normal control Goup 1 were irradiated by roentgen ray respectively by various single of 500 R(air), 1000 R, and 3000 R, under condition of 100 K.V.P., 10 M.A., 0.5 mm. copper plus 1.0 mm. alminium filter, 25 cm. distance, and the irradiated time was calculated by 120 R/min, Roengen rays focused on the 12th thoracic vertebral disc, including it's proximal and distal vertebral bodies, and the remaining area were shieled by lead plate with 5.0mm. in thickness and covered by non-radio infiltrable sand bag surrounding the bilateral sides of body, in order not to be exposured by roentgen rays. The method and doses of roentgen rays were followings, such as for Group 2; 6 times of a single of 500R, each radiated by every 3–4th days, Group 3; 3 times of single dose of 1000R each radiated weekly and Group 4; a single dose of 3000R radiated at once. The irradiated rabbits were sacrificed after one month from the day of the last irradiation, and all specimens of 12th thoracic disc and it's neighboured vertebral bodies were removed from the spine and decalcified in nitric acid fixed in paraffin and stained by hematoxylin-eosin. The histological findings of specimen were observed in 3 areas of the vertebral diaphyseal plate, bone marrow and disc and following conclusion were obtained in each area through all groups. 1. Vertebral diaphyseal plate; Columnar disarrangement and the formation of bony plate in the subchondral area were main findings. A) Columnar disarrangement of the group 3 and 4 were worse than Group 2, but no difference between Group 3 and 4. B) The bony plate in the subchondral area of Group 3 and 4 revealed more like acellular with irregular cement lines like mosaic formation. C) The severity of subchondral bony formation revealed no difference among all irradiated 3 groups. (Group 2, 3 and 4) 2. Vertebral body; Decreased hematopoietic cells, extravasation of red bood cells and fibrosis in marrow were main findings. A) The diminished hematopoietic cells were proportionally increased relating to a single dose of roentgen ray. B) The severity of extravasation of red blood cells were not related to a single dose of roentgen ray. C) Myelofibrosis were proportionally changed to increased single dose of roentgen ray. 3. No particular findings of disc were observed among irradiated groups except minor change of hyperchromacity, pyknosis of notochordal cells and expansivility of nucleus pulposus.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Plates ; Copper ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrosis ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Growth Disorders ; Humans ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Nitric Acid ; Notochord ; Osteitis ; Paraffin ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; Rabbits ; Research Personnel ; Spine

The effect of surgical traumata upon the epiphyseal plate of the growing bone has been controversial among many authors. The resultant deformity subsequent to the epiphyseal plate injury-yields numerous different pattens and any of the explarations of the pathogenesis is also not accepted for all. Therefore, the author made an experiment to elucidate more clearly the histological changes of the epiphyseal plate of immature rabbits following insertion of Kirschner-wire and screw. Thirty rabbits weighing 700–1200gm were divided into 2 groups, as following snd the direction of longitudinal insertion from articular surface of the epiphysis of the distal femur. Group 1: lnsertion of Kirschner-wire Group 2: Insertion of screw The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks after the operative procedure and the histological examination of the injured epiphyseal plate of distal femur were made. The summary of the histological findings were follows: 1. The margin of the epiphyseal plate adjoining the Kirschner wire showed a new osseous tissue which formed a bony bridge running from the epiphysis to the metaphyseal bony trabeculae. 2. The margin of the damaged epiphyseal plate adjoining the screw revealed new bone formation and the amounts of the reactive new bone is less than Kirschner-wire. 3. Histological findings of the epiphyseal plate showed to be uniform and normal except in the adjacent area of the Kirschner-wire and screw.
Animals ; Clothing ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Femur ; Growth Plate ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Running ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cytogenetics*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary

No abstract available.
Hepatitis, Chronic*

The range of acetabular cup and femoral prosthesis according to the different angle of insertion has been reported by many investigators. But no reports are still avairable about the surface area of the exposed femoral head at the position causing unstability of the femoral head. So the authors had studied the 3 types of prosthesis of Charnley, Muller and Mckee-Farrar and their acetabular cup by inserting them at different angles into the 10 human cadavaric skeleton to obtain the most stable position of the prosthesis and to calculate the surface area of the femoral head at the stable position. The result obtained are as follows. 1. In. Flexion: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 78% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 41% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prothesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 15 of acetabular retroversion. 2. In Abduction: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 86.5% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with 10 of the femoral anteversion, 45 of acetabular inclination and 45 of acetabular anteversion. The minimum stability is 50% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Muller prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. 3. In External Rotation: Among 3 types of prosthesis, the maximum stability is 85. 8% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prostbesis with femoral neutral version, 45 of acetabular inclination and 30 of acetabular retroversion. The minimum stability is 46% to the exposed area of the femoral head in Mckee-Farrar prosthesis with femoral neutral version, 30 of acetabular inclination and acetabular neutral version. 4. There was no relationship between the degree of range of the femoral prosthesis & acetabular cup and the amount of the surface area of the exposed femoral head when dislocated.
Acetabulum ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Research Personnel ; Skeleton