Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there have been 17 cases of malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sacreported in the literature and no case has been reported in Korea. The authors have experienced a 56 year-old male patient complaining of epiphora and mass in the medial canthal and neck areas for two month duration in the left eye. Excisional biopsy showed typical malignant melanoma which was treated with radiation therapy. Metastasis occurred in spinal cord during follow-up period. Although malignant melanoma of lacrimal sac is very rare, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of a growing tumor in the lacrimal sac.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spinal Cord

No abstract available.
Amputation* ; Forearm* ; Upper Extremity*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Hemophilia A* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

Various epidermal changes overlying a dermatofibroma can be induced through the proliferation of pluripotential epidermal cells by the stimulation of mesenchymal factors. The authors report a case of dermatofibroma in a 55-year-old male who had a reddish brown, asymptomatic nodule of 5 years duration on his left forearm. The biopsy specimen revealed a dermatofibroma of cellular type associated with epidermal changes: (1) acanthosis; (2) elongation of rete ridges; (3) thin interlacing epidermal strands with increased pigmentation resembling seborrheic keratosis or fibroepithelioma; (4) immature hair follicles and sebaceous lobules; (5) hair germ like buddings; (6) superficial basal cell epithelioma-like proliferations.
Biopsy ; Forearm ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation

No abstract available.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Meconium*

Itching is a rare symptom in neurological disease. Paroxysmal symptom is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or multiple sclerosis. We describe a 45-year-old woman who presented with paroxysmal pruritus in association with relapse of NMO on two separate occasions. Cervical MRI showed a lesion at a level corresponding to the dermatomal site of the itching. Paroxysmal pruritus could be a predictive symptom of relapse in NMO unless there are other comorbid causes such as systemic diseases, allergy, drug reaction, or emotional stress responsible for the itching.

No abstract available.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Plasma*

Background: We report the identification of unexpected antibodies by a referral laboratory during medical tests conducted on samples from small hospitals and clinics nationwide. Methods: From June 2021 to March 2023, 1,097 results were identified using two gel tests incorporating antiglobulin and enzyme in parallel and conditional 4℃ and room temperature methods with autocontrols. Results: A total of 1,034 cases of unidentified antibodies which correlated with autocontrol positivities present at any stage were investigated. Among them, unidentified single or mixed antibodies were seen in 63.5% of 386 autocontrol (＋) and 33.8% of 648 autocontrol (–) cases. From the total number of cases, 661 cases having identified single or mixed antibodies were recategorized into single-identified antibody cases, resulting in 819 such cases. The final distribution and confirmation stages were 501 (61.2%) in antiglobulin, 211 (25.8%) in enzyme, 98 (12.0%) at 4℃, and 9 (1.1%) at room temperature. Of these, in the NaCl/Enzyme stage, 136 (25.0%) of Rh and 52 (65.0%) of the Lewis series were confirmed and added to the antiglobulin stage and a strengthened reaction was observed in 277 (50.9%) cases of Rh and 14 (17.5%) of the Lewis series. At 4℃, the proportions of antibodies confirmed were 51 (56.7%) for M, 39 (62.9%) for P 1 , 7 (8.8%) for the Lewis series, and strengthened reactions were detected in M, S, and P 1 . The confirmed cases in the room temperature method were 4 in P 1 , 4 in Fy(b), and 1 in Xg(a). Conclusion The presence of antibodies which correlated with increased autocontrol positivities indicated an increased detection of unidentified antibodies. The antiglobulin and enzyme stage in parallel with conditional 4℃ or room temperature methods combined displayed a good capability to detect unexpected antibodies with a wide diversity and strong reactivity.