No abstract available.
Chorea* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The clinicolaboratory findings, cardiac catheterization, and outcome of operation were analyzed in 78 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, which were diagnosed by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and a cardiac angiography and confirmed by operation at Dong San Hospital, Keimyung University, during a 4(1/2)-year period from January 1984 to June 1988. The following results were obtained : 1) Out of the 78 cases, 45 were male and 64 were female. 2) The electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation in 71 cases(91%) and right ventricular hypertrophy in 66 cases(84.6%). 3) Chest X-ray revealed that, the cardiothoracic ratio was normal or decreased in 68 cases(87.3%), and cardiac apex elevation was noticed in 57 cases(73%). 4) Pulmonary stenosis were chiefly valvular and infundibular type(53.8%). 5) The associated heart diseases with TOF were patent foramen ovale(64.1%), right sided aortic arch(19.2%), and secundum ASD(10.3%), in that order. 6) There was an intimate correlation between secondary polycythemia and thrombocytopenia. 7) Among the 78 Cases, 73 cases had total correction, 1 case had shunt operation, and 4cases had total correction after shunt operation. The highest mortality rate occurred in the cases of total correction after shunt operation(25%). The cases with a main pulmonary artery size of 1/3 to 2/3 against, the aorta had a higher mortality than the other group, and no cases expired in the group with a ratio of more than 2/3. The overall surgical mortality was 8.9%.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Male ; Mortality ; Polycythemia ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: To determine the relation between characteristic findings of hepatic arteriography and nontumorous perfusion defects which on CT arterioportography (CTAP) had been inadequately described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify pseudolesions, the CTAP results of 46 patients with perfusion defects which were not recognized on conventional CT or ultrasonography were reviewed and compared with MRI, iodized-oil CT, surgical findings, and histopathologic reports. Typical and atypical pseudolesions were divided according to location, shape and cause, as revealed in previous reports. The number, shape and the location of pseudolesion seen on CTAP were determined and hepatic arteriography correlatively reviewed to determine vascular change in the corresponding area. RESULTS: Seventy-two additional lesions of 46 patients were detected. Among these, 12 cases were true lesions. Sixty pseudolesions were divided into typical (n = 18) and atypical (n = 42) ; the typical pseudolesions were found in familiar locations adjacent to the porta hepatis, falciform ligament or gall bladder and except for increased vascular staining around the gall bladder in two lesions, specific vascular changes were not seen. The shapes of the atypical pseudolesion were wedged (n = 22), nodular (n = 15) and flat (n = 5). They were located subcapsularly (n= 30) or nonspecifically within liver parenchyma (n = 12). The early appearance of a small portal vein branch with subsequent focal hepatic parenchymal staining, which suggests a small AP shunt, was identified on the hepatic arteriography, and on CTAP matched the areas of 96% atypical pseudolesions (26/34) which were more than 1cm in size. CONCLUSION: A small AP shunt should be regarded as a cause of nontumorous, nonsegmental perfusion defectson CTAP.
Angiography* ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Perfusion* ; Portal Vein ; Portography* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Purpura*

Thalamonal(Innovar) consisted of droperidol, a tranquilizer, and fentanyl, a short acting narcotic. Supplementation of nitrous oxide with large dose of fentanyl was known to cause contraction of abdominal muscle, often strong enough to produce rigidity. There was some reports of interaction of thalamonal on the depolarizing muscle relaxant. This study was undertaken to quantify the neuromuscular effect of thalamonal-N2O compared with halothane-N2O anesthesia on succinylcholine induced blockade. Forty non-pregnsnt women aged between 20 and 40 years undergoing general anesthesia for elective lower abdominal surgery were randomly divided in halothane(20cases) and thalamonal group (20 cases). All were free from renal, hepatic, endocrine and neuromuscular disease. The patient's forarm and hand secured firmly to an armboard, and a force displacement transducer(San Ei, Japan) was connected to patient thumb and ulnar nerve was stimulated through surface elctrodes at wrist. Supramaximal pulse were delivered using a nerve stimulator(Emerson, USA) at a rate of 1 Hz with a duration of 0.2msec. This isometirc twitch tension produced by this stimulation, as quantified by transducer, was continuously recorded before and during anesthesia on a biophysiograph(San Ei, Japan). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 4~5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1mg/kg, and intubation was performed after maximal twitch depression. Immediately after intubation, thalamonal 0.5ml/10kg was injected in one group, and halothane 1% was added in the other group. The onset time, time from onset of action to full paralysis, duration of full paralysis and recovery index were analyzed. The results were as follows. 1) In halothane 1% group: the onset time was 16.6+/-3.21 sec, time from onset to full paralysis was 48.4+/-8.97 sec and duration of full paralysis was 269.1+/-61.81 sec. Recovery index was 77.7+/-19.26 sec. 2) In thalamonal 0.5ml/10kg group: the time to onset of action was 16.0+/-2.74 sec, time from onset to full paralysis was 43.2+/-8.09 sec and duration of full paralysis was 347.7+/-102.03 sec(p<0.05). Recovery index was 93.8+/-23.86 sec(p>0.05).
Abdominal Muscles ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Depression ; Droperidol ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Halothane* ; Hand ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neuromuscular Agents* ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Nitrous Oxide ; Paralysis ; Succinylcholine* ; Thiopental ; Thumb ; Transducers ; Ulnar Nerve ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

No abstract available.

Ketamine hydrochloride(ketamine) is a non-barbiturate anesthetic agent chemically designated as dl-2-(0-chlorophenyl)2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone hydrochloride. Ketamine anesthesia has been found distinctively different from that induced by conventional anesthetic agents, as it provides profound analgesia without significant impairment of respiratory function or stimulation of cardiovascular activities thus avoiding hypotension and are preserved the protective pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. In addition, ketamine appears to have muscle relaxation properties. This latter clinical finding, however has not been experimentally substantiated since few reports have appeared on the effect of ketamine on muscle relaxation. The present study therefore, was undertaken to determine whether this agent affects the muscle activity during d-tubocurarine block. The experiment was performed on sixteen rabbits weighing 1.8 to 2.5kg and these were divided into two groups; eight rabbits for control and eight for th study group. All animals were intubated through a tracheostomy under general anesthesia with nembutal 40mg/kg given intravenously. Respiration was controlled by means of a Harvard animal respirator. The body temperature was kept at 35 degrees C to 36 degrees C with a thermo-blanket. The common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial muscle was exposed and the nerve stimulator was applied to the nerve muscle preparation. The twhitch height of the muscle contraction was recorded on a biophysiograph through the force displacement transducer. The common peroneal nerve was stimulated supramaximally using a single twitch, square wave of 0.2 msec duration at a frequency of 0.1Hz once every 10 seconds. The degree of neuromuscular block following intravenous injection of d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg was measured in the control group. And in the study group ketamine 5mg/kg was administered intravenously when 25% of twitch height of muscle contraction was obtained spontaneously after the intravenous injection of d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg. The changes of the twitch height of muscle contraction and the time of spontaneous recovery in the study group were compared with those of the control group. The results were as follows: 1) The times and degree of maximal single twitch depression were obtained at 194.8sec and 87.3% in the control group and were at 197.5 sec and 87.8% in study group. No significant difference was observed. 2) Recovery index of the control group was 1,560.0 sec and recovery index of the study group was markedly prolonged to 2,387.5 sec(53.0% prolongation). 3) Mean decrease of single twitch height was 8.8% soon after the intravenous ketamine 5mg/kg when 25% of twitch height was obtained after the intravenous d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg in the study group.
Rabbits ; Animals

We have introduced a method of intermittent injections of thalamonal and concomitant use of small doses of pentothal for rapid and smooth loss of consciousness and induction of anesthesia, and maintaining anesthesia with intermittent injections of thalamonal and pancuronium bromide as well as N2O inhalation. From 20 geriatric patients, the following results were obtained. 1) Average dose of thalamonal during induction of anesthesia was 0.75+/-0.28ml/10kg and that of pentothal was l. 77+/-0. 44 ml/kg. The maintenance of anesthesia was achieved by the intermittent injection of thalamonal; the average dose was 0.118+/-. 0.08 ml/10 kg/30 min. 2) During induction, the average decrease of systolic blood pressure was 22. 5 mmHg (P<0. 05) and the pulse rate increased in 1.9/min (P>0. 1). 3) During induction, 3 cases among 20 showed moderate chest rigidity and 4 cases showed hypotension. The hypotension may be due to the additive effect of pentothal and droperidol. 4) At the end of operation, after the administration of 510 mg nalorphine, the respiratory rate increased from 13. 8/min to 19. 3/min (P <0. 01). 5) 18 cases among 20 recovered promptly after discontinuation of N2O inhalation with delay in 2 cases. Postoperatively one person complained of nausea and a small dose of narcotic pain control was needed in 3 persons.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Clinical Study* ; Droperidol ; Geriatrics* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Inhalation ; Methods ; Nalorphine ; Nausea ; Pancuronium ; Respiratory Rate ; Thiopental ; Thorax ; Unconsciousness