Two cases of hysteric amaurosis are reported. The first case is a male, 38 years of age, who had suffered from hysteric amaurosis three times during the last three years. His inability to pay the alimony to his divorced wife is considered as a causative factor. The second case is also a male, 30 years of age. He had once been attacked prior to the admission. The shock and solicitude for his missed parents during the Korean War are possibly the causative factor. Generally visible ocular symptoms in hysterica are not only amblyopia or amaurosis but also night blindness, diplopia, polyopia, metamorphopsia, metachromatopsia and differentiated various changes in visual field are found. In addition, we can easily find out in it, such as derealization, depersonalization, affective loss which are due to the disturbance of cognition, blepharoptosis, blepharospasm, strabismus, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, convergence insufficiency, spasm or paresis of accommodation which are resulted from motor function disturbance, headache, sensory paralysis in eye lid, conjunctiva and cornea which are followed by disturbance of perception and excessive lacrimation due to excrete disturbance. It may be needed to differentiate from simulation, malingering, retrobulbar optic neuritis. Treatment is referable to authorized suggestion with active understanding and sympathy.
Amblyopia ; Blepharoptosis ; Blepharospasm ; Blindness* ; Cognition ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Depersonalization ; Diplopia ; Divorce ; Headache ; Humans ; Korean War ; Male ; Malingering ; Night Blindness ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Optic Neuritis ; Paralysis ; Parents ; Paresis ; Shock ; Spasm ; Spouses ; Strabismus ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

1. Fifty one cases of fractures of the shaft of the femur in children, treated at Seoul National University Hospital during the seven years, from August 1962 to July 1969, were analyzed. 2. In thirty eight of the cases fracture involved the middle third of the shaft, in eleven the upper third, and in two the lower third. 3. Bryant traction was employed in fifteen of the cases ranging from four months to six years of age. One case, five years old, was complicated by Volkmanns ischemic contracture on both legs. 4. Russell traction was employed in eleven of the cases ranging from six to fourteen years of age. Angulation and distraction must be watched especially in the younger age group, although we encountered no serious complications which required subsequent treatment. 5. Hoke traction was employed in twelve of the cases ranging from six to eleven years of age. Although this form of treatment is not particularly popular, we are of the opinion that it is the treatment of choice over two years of age and,under six years of age and that between six and twelve years of age it may be optionally employed along with Russell traction. We found it. particularly useful and convenient in selected cases in which Russell traction could not be effectively employed. 6. In some of the complicated cases, open reduction and internal fixation, closed reduction with pin and plaster immobilization, or skeletal traction was employed.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Ischemic Contracture ; Leg ; Pelvis ; Seoul ; Traction

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomic and functional change in acutely obstructed kidneys, and the probability of functional recovery after resolving the obstruciton. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 5 animal groups(6 rabbits in each group)-normal control group, 4 acute ureteral obstruction group. Each of the latter group was imaged with Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MR 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after ligation of the left proximal urter, respectively. We compared the findings of dynamic MR imaging and histopathological findings. RESULTS: We could observe centripetal movement of dark band pattern which could be defined as 3 phasesrenal cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla in normal rabbits. The appearance of the dark band pattern was delayed or absent in ureteral obstruction group with a linear relationship to the duration of the obstruction. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced MR can be used to differentiate acute obstructive nephropathy from other causes of nephropathy and foretell the prognosis of the obstruction.
Animals ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prognosis ; Rabbits* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the treatment results of malignant melanoma and to analyze the factors influencing prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty one cases of malignant melanoma were included in this study. They were treated in our hospital surgically, medically and immunologically from January 1996 to December 2005, and were followed more than 5 years. We compared 5 year survival rate (5YSR) according to the age, gender, anatomical site, depth of tumor, TNM stage, involvement of lymph node and immuno-chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall 5YSR was 80.6%. 5YSR of the age group below 65 years was 89.7% and 66.7% for the age group over 65 (p=0.033). 5YSR for men was 75% and 90.9% for women. 5YSR according to the site of occurrence showed 66.7% in upper extremities, 89.5% in lower extremities, and 66.7% in other site. 5YSR was 100% for the Clark level below III and 62.5% for the level above IV (p=0.032). 5YSR was 53.8% for lymph node metastasis group and 100% for non-lymph node metastasis group (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: We concluded that early diagnosis and wide excision was the most important in treatment of malignant melanoma. The prognostic fractors of malignant melanoma were age, depth of tumor (Clark's stage) and metastasis of lymph node.
Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Survival Rate ; Upper Extremity

Authors attempted to examine the development of keratinocyte in the human fetal epiderrnis in term of the appearance of principal product of differentiation, the keratins. Immunohistochemical study (ABC method) using anti-prekeratin antibodies and anti-keratin antibodies was carried out on sampled skin from 9 human fetuses ranging in estirnated gestational age from 12 weeks to 27 weeks. As early as 12 weeks of embryonic life, the epidermis contained cytokeratin. At this stage of development, the embryonic epidermis consists of three-cell layer .' basal layer, intermediate layer, and periderm, all of them staining for prekeratin and keratin. A thick cornified layer developed at 24 weeks but was not stained for prekeratin and keratin. Hair germ of 12 week-fetus was recognized as bulges of basal cells that were stained for prekeratin and keratin. At 18 weeks of estimated gestational age, development has advanced to the bulbous hair peg stage at which point the primordia of nearly all the final structural components of follicles were established. In the final structureal cornponents of the follicles, outer root sheath and sebaceous gland were stained for prekeratin and keratin, whereas cortical and cuticular elements and inner root sheath were negative. There was no difference between immunostaining results for prekeratin and keratin except for the staining intensity. The appearance of these proteins early in development suggests their potential value in utero in the recognition of keratinization disorders.
Antibodies ; Epidermis* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes ; Keratins ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences of expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in the human proliferative, secretory, menopausal endometrium, and in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were divided into 5 groups. Twenty samples were collected from patients with endometrial hyperplasia (n=l0) and adenocarcinoma(n=10) after hysterectomy. Thirty samples were collected from the normal menstrual cycle and the menopausal women as a control group. The histological types of endometrium were proliferative(n=10), secretory(n=10), menopausal(n=10). Immunohistochemical staining was performed through the use of monoclonal antibodies against anti-human TGF-beta1/ beta2 polycolonal IgG rabbit antibody. Expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were judged positive when the staining revealed color development in 5% or more. Specimens were rated absent, trace, weak, moderate and intense. Then, they were scored 4 in case of intense positive for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and '0' in case of absent for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 . RESULTS: Mean scores of TGF-beta1 in glandular cell were proliferative(1.0), secretory (2.3), menopausal endometrium(1.0), endometrial hyperplasia(0) and adenocarcinoma(0). Expression of TGF-beta2 in glandular cell were proliferative(3.8), secretory(3.3), menopausal endometrium(2.8), endometrial hyperplasia(0.3) and adenocarcinoma(0.3). No specific different expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 was found between stromal, vascular and myometrium. However, there was similar expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma gmup. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 may have important roles to suppress the development of the precancerous or cancerous lesions in endometrial glandular cells.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hyperplasia ; Hysterectomy ; Immunoglobulin G ; Menstrual Cycle ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Transforming Growth Factors*

Pancreatic hyperplastic nodules were experimentally produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single doses of intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide(4-HAQO), 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg per 1kg of body weight. Every ten rats were sacrificed after 1 day, 1 week and monthly until 6 months. Within the first week, pancreatic acini and islets were severely affected with necrosis and the adjacent acinar cells underwent vacuolization. But, pancreatic ductules remained relatively unaffected. The degrees of acinar cell degeneration were proportionally increased as with the increased doses of 4-HAQO administration. The levels of blood glucose and serum amylase were closely corresponding to the light microscopic features of the pancreas. Two months after administration of 4-HAQO, the nongranular acinar cells started to proliferate and their proportion of total acinar cells was 35%, whereas that of control group was 15%, after 3 months the proportion of nongranular cells was decreased. After 6 months, multiple hyperplastic nodules were discovered within the pancreatic acini of all 12 rats, and the largest one measured 500 micro in diameter. Each hyperplastic nodule was uniformly composed of larger cells in two folds of normal cells with hyperchromatic muclei and prominent nucleoli together with a few zymogen granules in their cytoplasms. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained abundant dilated endoplasmic reticulum and markedly decreased zymogen granules. Nuclear heterochromatin became finely dispersed with loss of marginal clumping. During the regeneration process, admixture of islet cells with membrance-bounded granules was identified among the clusters of regenerating acinar cells. On the basis of above findings, the induction of hyperplastic nodules in rat pancreas by 4-HAQO was confirmed, and its histogenesis may reflect a nodular hyperplasia of non-granular acinar cells with potential progress as a neoplastic lesion. And the evidence of the hypothesis that the pancreatic exocrine cells and endocrine cells are in same origin, was presented.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Myelin Basic Protein* ; Myelin Sheath* ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein* ; Oligodendroglia*

One of the most important aspect of hemophilia is repeated bleeding into the joint. The frequency of such hemorrhages varies with the severity of the disease. In moderate or severe cases, repeated hemorrhages result in considerable impairment of joint structure and function: Contractures and gross deformity are frequent end result. This paper described a case of hemophilia A, 24-year-old male, who developed deformity of the shoulder, elbow, ankle and knee joint because of repeated hemoarthrosis. Author attempted to treat this patient by transfusion of fresh whole blood and traction, which resulted in some clinical improvement.
Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Shoulder ; Traction ; Young Adult