No abstract available.
Body Weight* ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.

Ulcerative colitis is recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal diseases in children and adults. I observed the fine structural changes of goblet cell regeneration after experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Experimental colitis was induced with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days, and the healing groups were fed with pure water for 7 days thereafter. In the early stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 3 days group), granular endoplasmic reticulums were developed around the nucleus, and some mucigen granules were observed around the nucleus. In the middle stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 5 days group), Golgi complexes were well developed in the upper region to the nucleus, and many mucous granules were observed. In the matured goblet cell regeneration (repair 7 days group), many mucous granules appeared in the upper region of the cell, and cell organelles were located in the base and periphery of the cell. These results suggest that the goblet cell was completely reconstructed within 7 days after ulcerative colitis.
Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Colitis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Drinking Water ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Goblet Cells* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans ; Organelles ; Rats ; Regeneration* ; Water

Reiter's syndrome is a clinical triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis, but the characteristic mucocutaneous lesion occurs very frequently. Therefore, Reiters syndrome in fact might better be considered a tetrad, consisting in its complete form of urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, and mucocutaneous lesions. In initial stage of the disease, the arthritis usually appear after the urethritis and conjunctivitis have been made. The arthritis is usually of subacute onset, reaching its full intensity within a few weeks in most cases. Additionally a man with Reiters syndrome who developed aortic insufficiency with no evidence of syphilis or rheumatic heart disease has been reported. Two cases of Reiters syndrome are presented with the review of the literature: the first case was a 60 years old male who had non-gonococcal urethritis with mucous purulent discharge, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, and aortic insufficiency; the second case was a young man aged 21 years who had the characteristic conjunctivitis and a past history of urethritis, and he also has had obvious keratodermia blenorrhagica and polyarthritic symptoms and signs.
Arthritis ; Conjunctivitis ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

In order to study damages on brain cells upon occlusion and reperfusion, brain infarction was induced by insertion of a single nylon thread, through the internal carotid artery, into a middle cerebral artery. After occlusion of 1 hr and reperfusion for variable duration, brain slices were used to observe changes in the brain morphology and in the pyramidal neurons of the himppocampal formation. In this study we found following results. 1) The operation took 20~30 min and about 30% of the operated animals were suitable for studying neurological aspects. 2) The TTC stain showed that about 23.9% of the total brain area was damaged in the 72 hr-reperfusioned sample. 3) The degree of brain edema was larger in the left hemisphere (damaged side) than in the right one (contralateral undamaged side). 4) Pyramidal cells of the damaged hippocampal formation showed features of necrosis such as shrinkage, large vacuole, swelling, and cell debris. 5) The numbers of survived cells per mm2 of the hippocampal formation were 93 in the undamaged animal, and 23 and 3 in the 3 and 7 days after reperfusion, respectively.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Hippocampus* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Necrosis ; Neurons ; Nylons ; Pyramidal Cells* ; Reperfusion ; Vacuoles

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following the MCA occlusion in rats. To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following the MCA occlusion, the volume of cerebral ischemia and edema was measured. The volume of the control group, which was ischemic-damaged was 23.6%, and that of the sample group was 13.5%. The voluminal ratio of the right/left hemisphere was 116 in the control group, and that of the sample group was 107.
Animals ; Brain Edema ; Brain Ischemia* ; Edema ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Rats ; Reperfusion

The cerebral artery spasm is a phenomenon frequently present in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports indicated that vasospasm could be produced primarily by muscle contraction and constricted vessels that exhibit myonecrosis and subendothelial changes. Pharmacological studies have shown that vasospastic arteries decrease in contractility but increase the spontaneous tone and stiffness compared to normal cerebral arteries. We carried out electron microscopic to observe the morphological changes of the basilar artery following the experimental SAH. We examined changes in the size of the lumen and thickness of the basilar artery in SAH. Morphological changes of cerebral basilar artery following SAH : (1) The size of the lumen of basilar artery decreased about 47%, while its thickness increased about 170%. (2) The shape of the endothelial cell transformed to a cuboidal type and its thickness increased, while the length of the smooth muscle cell shortened and the thickness increased.
Arteries ; Basilar Artery* ; Cerebral Arteries ; Endothelial Cells ; Hemorrhage* ; Muscle Contraction ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

Neurons are very sensitive to various injuries such as ischemia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, etc. Frequently, the hippocampal CA1 area has been used as a region for studying ischemic delayed neuronal death, which is induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, it is still controversial whether the delayed neuronal death is necrotic or apoptotic. In this study, we investigated the neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 areas by TUNEL stain and electron microscopic observation using a rat MCAO and reperfusion model. RESULTS: 1. The TUNEL positive reaction occurred only within the CA1 area ipsilateral to MCAO. 2. In EM images, many features that imply necrosis were found in the CA1 pyramidal neurons ipsilateral to MCAO. These results indicate that both necrotic and apoptotic features coexist in the delayed neuronal death of the hippocampal CA1 area after MCAO.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Hypoglycemia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling* ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion