Decubitus means 'a lying down', so pressure sore is a more correct term because tissue necrosis and ulcers are caused by excessive and continuous pressure. Pressure sores are easily developed in patients with chronic illness such as unconsciousness, spinal cord injury, anemia, diabetes, or malaise. So these patients need special attention, and the prevention is most important. Nowadays infected pressure sores are very difficult to control due to highly resistant bacterias such as MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Early-stage pressure sores can be healed with local conservative treatments or skin grafts, but advanced and deep pressure sores need flap surgery with good blood supply and enough tissue padding over bony prominence. In postoperative state. the recurrence of pressure sores is very common occurring in about half of patients, so nursing care should be focused to relieve pressure. We have to recover patients with pressure sore as early possible as in order to relieve the patients physically and psychologically.
Anemia ; Bacteria ; Chronic Disease ; Deception ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Necrosis ; Nursing Care ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Staphylococcus ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Acute Coronary Syndrome*

In order to elucidate the neurotoxicity of oxygen radicals, neurotoxic effect was investigated after cultured mouse spinal sensory ganglionic cells were exposed to oxygen radicals which were generated enzymatically by reaction of xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HX) in culture medium. And also the neuroprotective effect of iron-chelators against oxidant-induced neurotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA). Cell viability was significantly decreased in a time-dependent planner after exposure of cultured neurons to 25mU/ml XO and 0.3mM HX for 3 hours. In the examination of neuroprotective effect of iron-chelators on oxidant-mediated neurotoxicity. TPEN was effective in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals, while DFX did not showed any neuroprotective effect in these cultures. These results suggest that oxygen radicals are toxic in cultured mouse spinal sensory ganglionic cells, and also iron involves in oxidant-induced neurotoxicity. While, selective iron-chelators such as TPEN are effective in blocking the neurotoxicty induced by oxygen radicals.
Animals ; Cell Survival ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Hypoxanthine ; Intermediate Filaments ; Iron ; Mice ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxygen* ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Xanthine Oxidase

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There has been much need for standard normal values of echocardiographic indices in Korea. Echocardiography Council of the Korean Society of Circulation performed multicenter trial for estimation of normal values of echocardiographic indices. METHOD: In 19 university or general hospitals, echocardiographic specialists measured frequently used echocardiographic indices with the same method in healthy people. The measured indices were 36 items which involved M-mode, 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic parameters. All the results were recorded on video tapes and reviewed by the review committee. The results were included for analysis only if the review committee accepted them. RESULTS: Total 371 healthy people were included. There were 189 women. Their age ranged from 3rd decades to 8th decades. Complete measurement of all the indices was done in 225 people. Left ventricular wall thickness, aorta size, left atrial size and left ventricular mass in M-mode echocardiographic measurement changed significantly with the increase of age(p<0.005). In 2-dimensional echocardiographic examination, sinotubular junction diameter of the aorta, anteroposterior & superoinferior diameters of left atrium, both ventricular outflow tract diameter and main pulmonary artery diameter changed with the increase of age(p<0.01). Diastolic dysfunction became prominent with the increase of age in Doppler examination. CONCLUSION: We conclude that these data could be used as the standard criteria for echocardiographic examination in Korea. However, age factor should be considered when they are applied because many echocardiographic indices change significantly with the increase of age.
Advisory Committees ; Age Factors ; Aorta ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Reference Values* ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Pancreatitis, Chronic*

No abstract availalbe.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Communicable Diseases* ; Korea*

Catheter-based techniques to treat coronary artery diseases have been developed rapidly during the past half a century. After the first performance in 1977, the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has attained clinical relevance and become a viable option for medical and surgical treatment in patients with a coronary artery disease. However, the high incidence of acute closure and restenosis following balloon angioplasty limits its widespread use. Among the various medical and technical efforts to prevent the untoward effects of balloon angioplasty, coronary artery stenting was most successful and has been the turning point in the management of coronary occlusive diseases in 1990's. Intravascular ultrasound and doppler pressure wire have facilitated the optimal procedure of coronary stenting. However, the stent restenosis and in-stent restenotic lesion present a new and an even more challenging dilemma due to the widespread use of coronary stent. With better understanding of pathophysiology of stent restenosis, new approaches and therapies are encouraged and provide unique insight in the treatment of restenosis. Intracoronary brachytherapy with beta- and gamma-radiation was successful in decreasing the occurrence of in-stent restenotic lesions. Drug-eluting stents using various antiproliferative drugs are the most exciting modality in preventing restenosis and are currently under clinical trials. Newer percutaneous coronary interventional techniques including gene therapy and targeted drug delivery are also under investigation. This article presents the review of the current practice of percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of coronary occlusive diseases.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries ; Brachytherapy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Stents ; Ultrasonography

The effects of various digestive enzymes, fresh biles, and bile acids on the hatching and activation of the eggs of Taenia saginata, T. pisiformis, T. solium, Hymenolepis nana, and Moniezia expansa have been investigated. On the basis of the results of the present study author attempted to elucidate the specificity of host-parasite relationships in the tapeworm infections. The results were summarized as follows: In case of the ova of T. saginata, pretreatment with artificial gastric juice before contact of intestinal juice is required to bring the disintegration of the embryophore and activation of the embryo. However the ova of T. solium and T. pisiformis may be disintegrated and activated directly into the artificial intestinal juice without the above pretreatment. Among the digestive enzymes applied in this experiment, trypsin was found most effective on the hatching. No hatching of the ova of H. nana and M. expansa was observed in the above artificial hatching-activating solutions. The fresh biles and bile salts were more effective on the hatching and activation of Taeniid ova than sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate. It is turned out that the digestive enzymes or bile acids in the intermediate hosts may, not apparently be essential factor of determining the specificity of host-parasite relationships.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Taenia saginata ; Taenia pisiformis ; Taenia solium ; Hymenolepis nana ; Moniezia expansa ; egg hatching ; host-parasite relationship ; trypsin ; artificial intestinal juice

No abstract available.
Salmonella enteritidis