Tonsillar tuberculosis is uncommon and is almost secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Primary tonsillar tuberculosis is very rare, especially in children. The incidence of tuberculosis has been greatly reduced with chemotherapy, although it has not been eradicated. Recently, we experienced one case of pediatric primary tonsillar tuberculosis of left palatine tonsil. It was diagnosed pathologically after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The purpose of this report is to point out that primary tonsillar tuberculosis still exists and to draw attention to the differential diagnosis in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Tonsillectomy ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Transfer of large quantities of fetal blood across the placental barrier to the maternal circulation is a rare occurrence which results in severe anemia in the newborn infants. This phenomenon is believed to occur most often during labor and delivery and apparently, is more frequent when abnormal obstetric conditions are present. However, fetal erythrocytes have been identified in the naternal circulation throughout most of pregnancy indicating some degree of constant or intermittent transplacental transfusion. We experienced a case of stillbirth due to large amount of fetomaternal transfusion. Acid elutionl test of maternal blood was positive and direct and indirect Coombs test was negative. Ultrasonographic finding on abdomen and cranium to rule out the internal hemorrhage was normal. We report a case of stillbirth due to fetomaternal transfusion with a brief review of related literatures.
Abdomen ; Anemia ; Coombs Test ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetomaternal Transfusion* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Skull ; Stillbirth*

A case of multiple hemangioendothelioma of the cauda equina nerve roots and conus medullaris is described. This case is the first report of intradural multiple hemangioendothelioma in Korea. A 74-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of progressive bilateral leg weakness and lancinating leg pain especially at night. Magnetic resonance image revealed multiple enhancing nodular masses in the cauda equina nerve roots and pial surface of the conus medullaris. We performed total removal of conus medullaris mass and partial removal of two nerve rootlets masses. Two lesions were histologically examined and found to be hemangioendotheliomas
Aged ; Cauda Equina* ; Conus Snail ; Female ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Spinal Cord*

The antihypertensive effect of Doxazocin were evaluated in 20 patients with essential hypertension. Two to eight mg of Doxazocin per day were administered continuously for two or eight weeks. The results were as follows : 1) Doxazocin were effective in 18 out of 20 patients(90%) at the end of 8 weeks treatment. 2) The systolic blood pressure was signigicantly decreased(173+/-20mmHg VS 144+/-33mmHg, P+/-0.001), and the diastolic blood pressure was also decreased(110+/-10mmHg VS 93+/-19mmHg, P<0.01) after treatment. 3) Triglyceride showed a decreasing tendency but statistically significance was not observed. Total cholesteral, HDL-cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, and uric acid did not change significantly before and after treatment with Doxazocin. 4) The side effects were headache in one case and dizziness in to cases. These results suggest that Doxazocin is an effective antihypertensive agent and concerning lipid profile, further long term observation is needed.
Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs) have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) in preliminary studies. Whether the association holds true when DRAs are used to treat non-PD, such as restless legs syndrome, prolactinoma, and several mood disorders is uncertain. Objective: The present study aimed to understand the research gaps related to the risk of ICDs associated with pramipexole or ropinirole (PRX/ROP) use as a treatment for specific underlying diseases, excluding Parkinson’s disorders. Methods: We conducted a scoping review, systematically searching databases to identify literature on the types, prevalence, and factors associated with ICD in non-PD patients receiving PRX/ROP. All relevant information that helped understand the epidemiology of ICDs among non-PD patients taking PRX/ROP were extracted and analyzed. We also evaluated the potential associations between PRX/ROP and ICDs, utilizing the Naranjo scale or statistical analysis, depending on the type of literature. Results: We included 24 articles (19 case reports or case series and 5 populationbased studies) in this scoping review. Evaluating the 19 case reports or case series using Naranjo scores led to the discovery of a possible link between PRX/ROP exposure and ICDs. However, important information to assess causality is frequently missing.Moreover, the population-based studies lack diversity in the study populations and enough study samples to draw conclusive results. Conclusion Our scoping review suggests that the currently available literature requires more details in future case reports and for well-powered studies in various disease conditions where PRX/ROP is frequently used.

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs) have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) in preliminary studies. Whether the association holds true when DRAs are used to treat non-PD, such as restless legs syndrome, prolactinoma, and several mood disorders is uncertain. Objective: The present study aimed to understand the research gaps related to the risk of ICDs associated with pramipexole or ropinirole (PRX/ROP) use as a treatment for specific underlying diseases, excluding Parkinson’s disorders. Methods: We conducted a scoping review, systematically searching databases to identify literature on the types, prevalence, and factors associated with ICD in non-PD patients receiving PRX/ROP. All relevant information that helped understand the epidemiology of ICDs among non-PD patients taking PRX/ROP were extracted and analyzed. We also evaluated the potential associations between PRX/ROP and ICDs, utilizing the Naranjo scale or statistical analysis, depending on the type of literature. Results: We included 24 articles (19 case reports or case series and 5 populationbased studies) in this scoping review. Evaluating the 19 case reports or case series using Naranjo scores led to the discovery of a possible link between PRX/ROP exposure and ICDs. However, important information to assess causality is frequently missing.Moreover, the population-based studies lack diversity in the study populations and enough study samples to draw conclusive results. Conclusion Our scoping review suggests that the currently available literature requires more details in future case reports and for well-powered studies in various disease conditions where PRX/ROP is frequently used.

No Abstract Available.
Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Osteoporosis*

Leptin, which is a plasma protein produced by the obese gene, is expressed and secreted by adipocytes. The clearance of lepdn from the circulation is unknown. But, markedly elevated serum leptin concentrations have recently been reported in patients with chronic renal failure. The purpose of the present study was to investigate plasma leptin concentration of patients with chronic renal failure and evaluate the factors affecting plasma leptin levels. Plasma leptin, insulin, and body mass index were determined in 34 patients with chronic renal failure and 55 control subjects. The plasrna leptin concentrations were not significantly different between patients with chronic renal failure and control subjects (9.4+/-11.8 vs 4.9+/-4.2ng/ml, P>0.05). The serum leptin concentrations were not significantly higher in both male and female CRF patients compared with control subjects (3.96+/-5.72 vs 2.48+/-1.65, P=0.1947, 17.07+/-14.02 vs 7.49+/-4.63ng/ml, P=0.07, respectively). And, there was no significant correlation between serum creatinine and plasma leptin. However, there was significant correlation between plasma leptin concentration and insulin level (P<0.05). We fit a multiple linear regre- ssion analysis with plasma leptin level as the dependent variable in CRF. Sex (male vs female) (P< 0.001) and insulin (P=0.004) were independently associated with plasma leptin level in CRF. These results suggested that plasma leptin level was regulated or affected by multiple factors inclu- ding sex and insulin resistance. Additional study is required to evaluate relationship between plasma leptin and insulin resistance in chronic renal failure.
Adipocytes ; Body Mass Index ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Leptin* ; Male ; Plasma*

BACKGROUND: Physical activity and calcium nutriture with reproductive endocrine status are primary controller of bone remodelling activity. There are differences in impact of exercise on early menopausal bone ; late menopausal bone. There are possibility of different effect of calcium intake on bone mass among different life stage. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the relation between lifestyle and bone mineral density varied with life stages. METHODS: We examined bone mineral density and took questionnaires related to lifestyle of 1,698 women aged 49~54 years old who lived in ulsan from July 1999 to Dec. 1999. We selected 731 healthy subjects without medical conditions or lifestyle factors known to affect bone metabolism. RESULTS: In 6~10 years postmenopausal women, those with calcium intake of more than 600 or 800mg /day showed significantly greater BMD. In postmenopausal women , those daily consumption of milk showed greater BMD. But it is not significantly. In premenopausal women with regular menstruation, those who took regular exercise showed significantly greater BMD than those who did not. Working hours is not related with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the relation between calcium intake or physical activity and BMD differed with life stages. It was suggested that life stages should be taken into consideration to perform lifestyle modifications for the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
Bone Density* ; Calcium* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Menopause ; Menstruation ; Metabolism ; Milk ; Motor Activity* ; Osteoporosis ; Ulsan ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Polymyositis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the skeletal muscle characterized by symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzymes, and characteristic features on electromyogram and muscle biopsy. The kidneys are generally spared and myoglobinuric renal failure is very rare in polymyositis. There have been infrequent reports of polymyositis developing myoglobinuric renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. The flare-up may occur in polymyositis, usually manifest within several weeks to months of achieving a remission. But, rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure was a very rare feature of the relapse of polymyositis. We present a case report of patient with polymyositis who initially presented and relapsed as rhabodomyolysis that lead to myoglobinuric, oliguric renal failure and required transient dialytic support.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Kidney ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Polymyositis ; Recurrence ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Scleroderma, Diffuse*