Since the nose is the most prominent part in the face, the plastic surgeons are interested in the continued effort for rhinoplasty. Nasal tip projection is essential to optimal nasal for the patient's face. But, the nasal tips of Orientals are characterized by bulbous appearance due to thick and tense skin, flaring of nostril. and restriction of nasal tip projection due to underdevelopment of medial crus of alar cartilage and short columella. Most orientals want to correct their nasal tip as well as shape of nose. We present clinical cases of various nasal tip deformities which were corrected with various operative methods through either alar rim incision of open rhinoplasty incision depending upon the severity of tip deformity in order to achieve more natural tips and good nasal tip projection. And the clinical cases were categorized into causes of nasal tip deformity and methods of nasal tip augmentation. We are reporting these reporting these cases with review of literatures.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

No abstract available.
Fingers* ; Humans ; Somatoform Disorders*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: As people have been interested in healt,h and as the microcomputers with multimedia steeing have been supplied more and more, there is increasing need of multimedia information about health. The CD-ROM, which is a representative multimedia tool, is capable of interacting between information-provider and users, offering audiovisual interface, and saving great deal of knowledge. METHODS: We developed the health-information system to provide ordinary people with hea1th information using multimedia tools. It, has 7 parts ; self-diagnosis, exploring human body, drug information, hospital information, first-aid treatment, Q and A, and medical common sense. We got image data such as figures, photos, X-rays, electrocardiograms and pathologic specimens with scanner and film scanner, also moving image(video) with video-capturing program. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: We hope the multimedia health-information system to become a useful methodology of patient education and to be used as an information source in medical information network in the near future.
CD-ROM ; Electrocardiography ; Hope ; Human Body ; Information Services ; Microcomputers ; Multimedia* ; Patient Education as Topic

Evaluation of postoperative hearing acuity and equilibrium was performed in four patients with labyrinthine fistula caused by iatrogenic procedure. Surgical trauma inflicted upon the membranous labyrinth is an uncommon, but often catastrophic, complication of chronic ear surgery. The most vulnerable areas are the oval window and the lateral semicircular canal. Methods of injury include subluxation of the foot plate, fracture of the lateral canal by drill or chisel, and accidental opening of the labyrinth. Three cases of fistula of the lateral and posterior canal during ear surgery are presented. All of three occured while drilling. The other one occured due to iatrogenic stapedectomy. The interrupted semicircular canals were obliterated firmly with autologous materials such as fascia, perichondrium, bone chips, and cartilage. These cases were documented by pre and post operative audiograms, vestibular function tests. One interesting finding was that none of these cases were compromised cochlear function. The dictum that an accidentally opened labyrinth will automatically result in a dead ear is shown to be not necessarily true. These cases indicates that manipulation of the semicircular canal with awareness can be conducted without damaging the cochlear function, and that the treatment of labyrinthine fistulas shoud be performed very carefully but not so conservatively as to lead to future problems.
Cartilage ; Ear ; Ear, Inner ; Fascia ; Fistula* ; Foot ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Semicircular Canals ; Stapes Surgery ; Vestibular Function Tests

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship of personality traits with dopamine D4 receptor(DRD4) exon III polymorphism in a Korean population. METHODS: We analysed DRD4 exon III 48-bp repeats polymorphism in 173 Korean healthy female adolescents(age=13.88+/-0.29 years) who also completed Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI). RESULTS: Novelty seeking score of the TCI was significantly higher in the subjects with DRD4 long alleles(>or=5 repeats) compared with the subjects without these(t=2.11, p=0.037). CONCLUSION: The present study supports the previous reports that long repeats of the DRD4-exon III polymorphism are related with Novelty Seeking personality.
Dopamine* ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Receptors, Dopamine* ; Temperament

A teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor in children; however, a gastric teratoma is very rare. An immature gastric teratoma has malignant potential; therefore, it should be removed surgically and followed up routinely to assess for recurrence by performing imaging studies and estimating serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. We describe the case of a 2-day-old male neonate with abdominal distension and a palpable mass. He underwent surgical resection of a tumor that was diagnosed as an immature gastric teratoma.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Child ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Teratoma*

Subjective changes in sensibility in the face are well recognized sequale to facial trauma, rhytidectomy, tumor resection, elective osteotomies, or treatment of trauma. And so, there are important to understand the sensory innervation of the face and to obtain normal values for objective quantification of facial Sensation. Normal values for facial sensibility were determined in 62 healthy adults using static and moving two-point discrimination in three major regions where are innervated areas by three branches of the trigerminal nerve. Materials of this study comprised 38 men and 24 women, 26 smokers and 36 nonsmokers. Authors excluded from materials if they had previous facial surgery, facial injuries or psychiatric disorders or were taking any prescribed medications. Median static two-point discrimination values were 6 mm in innervation area of the mental nerve, 8.2mm in innervation area of the infraorbital nerve, and 10mm in innevation area of the supraorbital nerve. The most sensitive areas innervated by each three branches of the trigerminal nerve were vermillion border of the lower lip (2PD = 3 mm), crossing area of 3 cm lateral to midline of the face and the infraorbital rim (2PD = 5.5 mm), crossing area of 3 cm lateral to midline of the face and the supraorbital rim (2PD = 4.5 mm). Smoking history proved to be an interesting variable in smokers were significantly less sensitive to two-point discrimination(p < 0.05). The map of sensation of the face produced as a result of this study can be used as a standard for sensory changes after facial trauma or surgical procedures in the face.
Adult ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Facial Injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Reference Values ; Rhytidoplasty ; Sensation* ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The changes in voice that occur after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are mainly the nasal sound which can be measured with nasometer. This study was designed to estimate the postoperative changes in the voice, especially the nasal sound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study included 26 patients who had received tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Thirty normal children were also selected as the control group. The nasalance and the each formants of /a/, /i/ of preoperative state were compared with those of postoperative 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: The preoperative nasality of the tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative 1 month state, there was significant increase in the nasalance, whereas it was recovered in the postoperative 2 months to the same level of the preoperatve state. The changes of the formants were not significantly noticed. CONCLUSION: Although the temporary increase in the nasalance does occur immediately after adenoidectomy, the postoperative 2 months state show no significant changes compared to the preoperative state. Therefore, the voice changes that come postoperatively could be considered as no concern for the non-professional voice user.
Adenoidectomy* ; Child ; Humans ; Tonsillectomy* ; Voice

Background : PTEN, located on chromosome 10q23.31, is a novel tumor suppressor gene. In the sporadic breast cancers, the incidence of the loss of heterozygosity of PTEN is approximately 10% to 40%, but the incidence of intragenic mutation of PTEN is less than 1%. To as- sess the role of the PTEN in the invasive ductal breast cancer, we studied the frequency of the loss of PTEN expression, its correlation with the commonly used prognostic factors of the breast cancer and with PTEN promoter hypermethylation status. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-PTEN protein antibody was performed on the paraffin-embedded breast tissues from 129 women with a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Methylation specific PCR was performed to detect hypermethylation in the PTEN gene on the 28 cases with the loss of PTEN expression. Results : Sixty-two (48%) of 129 breast tumors had the loss of PTEN expression. The loss of PTEN expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and stage, and there was a near-significant correlation with the tumor size. PTEN promoter hypermethylation was found in five (18%) out of 28 patients. Conclusion : These results suggest that the loss of PTEN expression might play a role in the progression of the breast cancer and that the aberrant promoter methylation is one of the silencing mechanisms of PTEN.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Incidence ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymph Nodes ; Methylation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction