This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We evaluated the role of conventional CT for preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional CT was prospectively performed in 95 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma proved by means of endoscopic biopsy, and findings were compared with those of surgery or pathology. RESULTS: In the evaluation of pancreatic invasion of the primary tumor, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CT were 71%(5/7), 95%(84/88), and 94%(89/95), respectively. CT depicted transverse mesocolon invasion in only one of the 4 cases(25%). In the evaluation of lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 33%(24/72), 99%(867/878), and 94%(891/950), respectively. In lymph node staging, 49 patients(52%) were correctly staged, 39(41%) were understaged, and 7(7%) were overstaged with CT. CT failed to demdnstrate peritoneal carcinomatosis in all 10 patients. CONCLUSION: The role of conventional CT in the preoperative evaluation of gastric adenocarcinoma is limited due to poor sensitivity despite of good specificity and accuracy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mesocolon ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Fifty-one consecutive 186 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated from the day of admission with nimodipine which was given first as an IV infusion at 30ug/kg/hr for 1 week and then orally in a dose of 360mg/day for 2 weeks and compared with 135 patients which were treated without nimodipine for the past 2 years. A comparision based on clinical and radiological variables influencing both the coruse and the outcome of the disease showed no significant difference between the nimodipine treated group and the control group except the delayed timing of surgery in the control group. There was no significant difference in the outcome between the nimodipine treated patients and the patients treated without nimodipine, however in Hung & Hess grade IV patients nimodipine treatment was associated with a significantly better outcome. Nimodipine treatment reduced the occurrence of delayed ischemic deficts(DID) in grade III, IV patients. Significant improvement in the outcome occurred in the nimodipine treated patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of large amount(Fisher classification III).
Aneurysm* ; Classification ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Nimodipine* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Nine patient with paralyzed strabismus of large deviation(Seven patients with lateral rectus or medial rectus muscle palsy and two patients with double elevator palsy) had full tendon transposition procedure. If remained strabismus was large postoperatively, recession of anatagonist of paralyzed muscle and botulinum toxin infection was performed respectively. Five patients achieved single binocular vision within central 10 degree of visual field. And six patients achieved less than 10 prism diopter of deviation in primary position. Our method compares favorably with previously descrived transposition procedure for muscle palsy in terms of the amount of correction and the extent of the window of single binocular vision with low risk of anterior ischemia syndrome.
Botulinum Toxins ; Elevators and Escalators ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Paralysis ; Strabismus* ; Tendons* ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Risk Factors*

It is the purpose of this study to compare the postoperative results of 168 patients with exotropia of basic and simulated divergence excess type over 40 prism diopters; 86 patients had bilateral rectus muscle recessions and 82 patients underwent lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection. The patients in the former group had averaged 13.7 years of age and 8.2 months of postoperative follow-up period. Those in the latter group averaged 22.9 years and had been followed up for 7.1 months. The postoperative success rates are as follows: 66.7%(57/86) in the bilateral rectus muscle recession group and 68.1%(58/82) in the lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection group(P>0.05). And the success rates of those older than 16 years without amblyopia are 60.0%(18/30) in the former group and 75.0%(24/32) in the latter group(P>0.05). The lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection group showed somewhat higher rates of success even though it proved statistically insignificant.
Amblyopia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

No abstract available.
Silicones* ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with conventional cataract surgery on effective phacoemulsification time (EPT). METHODS: This study included 66 patients 100 eyes who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and 68 patients 100 eyes who underwent conventional cataract surgery. Both groups underwent phacoemulsification using pulsed ultrasound energy and EPT was evaluated. The groups were further analyzed according to preoperative Lens opacities classification system (LOCS) III grading. Patients who had femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery underwent lens fragmentation with quadrant, hybrid, or grid pattern and the EPT was respectively evaluated. RESULTS: The mean EPT was 5.85 +/- 4.31 seconds in the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group and 10.34 +/- 6.61 seconds in the conventional group. Overall, EPT was statistically significantly lower in the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group compared to the conventional group. When the groups were analyzed according to LOCS III grading, this result was consistent for all cataract grades and the reduction in EPT was increased with the higher LOCS III grade. When the groups were analyzed according to lens fragmentation patterns, the mean EPT was lower with 350 microm grid pattern than the quadrant or hybrid pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The femtosecond laser-assisted system in cataract surgery can be an efficient cataract surgery using lower EPT compared to the conventional procedure. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the mean EPT of cataract surgery using the femtosecond laser-assisted system among the 3 lens fragmentation pattern groups.
Cataract* ; Classification ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Ultrasonography

We reviewed 92 eyes(65 patients) of diffuse diabetic macular edema which were treated with grid laser photocoagulation and followed up for more than 4 months from March 1992 to March 1997. There were improvements of visual acuity in 24 eyes(26.1%)and non changes in 50 eyes(54.3%), and 18 eyes(19.6%) showed worsened visual acuity. Initial visual acuity, presence of clinically significant macular edema and severity of retinopathy had not significant effects on visual outcome(P>0.05). Patients with grid photocoahulation without panretinal photocoagulation showed significantly good results than panretinal photocoagulation before or after grid photocoagulation(p<0.05).
Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Carbamazepine* ; Haloperidol*