No abstract available.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

No abstract available.
Epilepsy*

No abstract available.
Headache*

No abstract available.
Dementia* ; Primary Health Care*

The adult trematode, Fasciola hepatica and Eurytrema pancreaticum, employed in this experiment were obtained from the cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each ten of intact F. hepatica and about thirty to fifty of E. pancreaticum were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4). The incubation medium was added C(14)-lactate and non-radioactive carrier Na-lactate so as to contain lactate concentration of 32 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). The lactate uptake rate was determined by analyzing the the difference between lactate concentration in a medium before and after the incubation period, and the pyruvate appearance rate was dertermined by analyzing the pyruvate concentration in a medium after incubation. The glycogen samples isolated from worms were analyzed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. Radioactivities of these serise of experiment were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantative analysis of C(14)-lactate utilized by F. hepatica and E. pancreaticum were summerized and compared as following. In F. hepatica the lactate uptake rate was a mean value of 1.04+/-0.15 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. and pyruvate apperance rate was a mean value of 0.132+/-0.005 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The total CO(2) production rate by the flukes averaged 13.82+/-0.75 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) showed a mean value of 9.93+/-0.62 per cent. The rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-lactate was a mean of 1.38+/-0.13 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore the averge value of 55.27+/-5.78 per cent (R.L.D. CO(2)) and 15.35+/-1.90 per cent (R.L.D. pyr) of lactate was oxidized into respiratory CO(2) and pyruvate respectively. On the other hand, in E. pancreaticum the lactate uptake rate was a mean value of 0.61+/-0.18 micromole/hr/g of wet wt, and pyruvate appearance rate was a mean of 0.023+/-0.001 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The total CO(2) production rate by the E. pancreaticum averaged 4.29+/-0.85 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) (R.S.A CO2) showed a mean value of 9.20+/-0.34 per cent. Thus, a mean value of 9.20 per cent of total CO(2) production rates was originated from C14-lactate in a medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-lactate was a mean value of 0.40+/-0.10 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The average value of 23.93+/-7.11 per cent(R.L.D. CO(2)) and 3.86+/-0.45 per cent(R.L.D. pyr) of lactate was oxidized into respiratory CO(2) and pyruvate respectively. The tissue concentration of glycogen in F. hepatica was a mean of 2.63 per cent/g of wet wt, while in E. pancreaticum was a mean of 4.06 per cent/g of wet wt. The turnover rate of glycogen pool in F. hepatica yielded a value of 0.073+/-0.008 micromole/hr/g of wet wt whereas in E. pancreaticum yielded only a mean of 0.006+/-0.002 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, the half time of glycogen turnover, which is the time interval required to replace the half of glycogen pool with medium C(14)-lactate, gave value of a mean of 10.73+_0.76 days in F. hepatica. However, incorporation of C(14)-lactate into glycogen was negligible in the E. pancreaticum. Theses data impressed that the carbohydrate such as lactate may play a role of major part of their oxidative metabolism in F. hepatica, whereas minor part of lactate participates in the oxidative metabolism in E. pancreaticum.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; pyruvate ; lactate ; glycogen ; metabolism ; Krebs-Rigner phosphate buffer

Building-related illness is an increasingly common problem. The disease fall into two categories : those that have an identifiable cause-such as legionellosis, humidifier fever, and conditions resulting from exposure to known substances such as asbestos, lead in paint, formaldehyde, etc-and those that have no readily identifiable cause but can be described only by a group of symptoms known as sick building syndrome (SBS). Although objective physiologic abnormalities are generally not found and permanent sequelae are rare, the symptoms of SBS can be uncomfortable, even disabling, and whole workplaces may be rendered non-functional. In assessment of patients with SBS complaints, specific building-related illnesses should be ruled out by history or physical examination. On-site assessment of buildings is extremely useful. Symptoms of non-specific building-related illnesses are common ; their heterogeneity suggests that they do not represent a single disorder. Although there is little convincing, direct evidence to implicate specific causative agents, there is sufficient indirect evidence to support a number of recommendations. For example, it seems prudent to maintain an outdoor-air supply of more than 10 liters per second per person ; to select the building materials, furnishings, and equipments that are least likely to release pollutants such as formaldehyde or volatile organic compounds ; to ensure proper maintenance and cleaning ; and to avoid materials that may act as substrates for the proliferation of microbes or dust mites.
Asbestos ; Construction Materials ; Dust ; Fever ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Humidifiers ; Legionellosis ; Mites ; Paint ; Physical Examination ; Population Characteristics ; Sick Building Syndrome ; Volatile Organic Compounds

No abstract available.
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary collateral circulation is known to have beneficial effects in patients with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictors of collateral vessels development, the pathways of collateral circulation and the changes in collateral flow after coronary intervention and its functional significance in patients with total occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty five patients who underwent coronary angiogram between Jan '97 and Dec '97 in Chonnam University Hospital (out of 3,264 cases) had total occlusion of one coronary artery were classified into two groups: angina pectoris (Group I:50 M, 19 F, 62.4+/-11.0 years) and acute myocardial infarction (Group II: 47 M, 19 F, 62.0+/-9.5 years). RESULTS: Among 135 patients, 123 patients had collateral circulation. Collaterals were more frequently observed and better developed (grade 2 or 3) in Group I than Group II. Proximal and ostial lesions were associated with well developed collaterals. Collateral circulation was more frequently observed and well developed in proportion to the duration of angina in Group I. In 123 patients with collateral circulation, 247 collateral circulations were observed. Right coronary artery (RCA) and Left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) were more frequent recipient arteries than left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)(RCA:2.20+/-1.02, LCX:1.88+/-0.94, LAD:1.29+/-0.8 respectively, RCA vs. LAD:p<0.001, LCX vs. LAD:p=0.014). Coronary interventions were performed in 50 out of 135 patients, collateral flow of Group II decreased much more than Group I after intervention (Group I: 5/14, Group II: 24/36, p=0.046). The wall motion score was lower in patients with well developed than poorly developed collaterals (20.7+/-4.91 vs. 23.7+/-6.22, p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Proximal or ostial lesion and duration of angina are major predictive factors for the development of collateral circulation. Collateral circulation is associated with preserved myocardial contractility.After coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction, recruitment of preexisting collaterals may be more important mechanism rather than neoangiogenesis.
Angina Pectoris ; Arteries ; Collateral Circulation* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Myocardial Infarction