In this study, the authors would like to establish the guideline for effective utilization of blood and blood components in various elective surgeries. We investigated the amount of tansfused blood and blood components units, C/T ratio (crossmatching to transfusion ratio), disused rate of blood ordered in 861 elective surgery cases during the period from October I990 to September 1991. overall mean units of transfusional units per patient were 5.3 units and overall C/T ratio was 1.14. Of all the transfusional units the ratio of whole blood was 51.5%, packed red blood cell was 7%, fresh frozen plasma was 41% respectively. From this study, the guideline for the optimal blood ordering for each elective surgery was made.
Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Plasma

BACKGROUND: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been described as an important candidate for mediation of neurotoxicity after brain ischemia. This study was purposed to evaluate the effects of a PARP inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal rat brain. In this study, a highly potent inhibitor of PARP, 3, 4-Dihydro-5-[4-(1-piperidinyl) butoxy]-1 (2H)-isoquinolinone (DPQ) was investigated. METHODS: Seven-day old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were used. The right common carotid artery was ligated under halothane anesthesia. After a recovery period of 3 hours, they were exposed to 8% oxygen at 37degreesC for about 120 minutes. The animals were divided into four groups: the pre-treatment group (n = 13) and post-treatment group (n = 21) were given DPQ 10 mg/kg and the pre-control group (n = 7) and post-control group (n = 14) were given a vehicle for controls. Pre-treatment and pre-control groups were injected 30 minutes prior to the hypoxic injury while post-treatment and post-control groups were injected 30 minutes after the hypoxic period intraperitoneally. The right cerebral hemisphere of the rats were examined with localized (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy on day 1 and 7 after the hypoxic insult. Lipid/N-acetyl aspartate (Lip/NAA) and lipid/creatine (Lip/Cr) ratios were used as apoptotic markers. On day 14, the degree of brain injury was scored by morphological changes. RESULTS: In the DPQ treated groups, the Lip/NAA and Lip/Cr ratios were lower than those of the control groups on day 1 after the hypoxic-ischemic injury (P < 0.05). However on day 7, only the ratios of the pre-treatment group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The degree of morphological changes of the brain injury on day 14 were lower in the DPQ treated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DPQ exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury probably by inhibiting apoptosis especially in the early stage after an insult. Acute inhibition of PARP can have a therapeutic value in preventing ischemic brain injury.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aspartic Acid ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cerebrum ; Halothane ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Negotiating ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxygen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

It was reported that pentoxifylline(PTX) improved tissue oxygenation and increased survival rate in animal models of hemorrhagic shock. The authors investigated the salutary effects of PTX on hemodynamics, oxygen transport and tissue metabolism in animal models of hemorrhagic shock. 18 anesthetized cats were subjected to hemorrhage to MABP of 40-45 mmHg and this pressure was maintained for 120 minutes. After this period, normal saline was administered in a volume double the original shed blood volume over 30 minutes. Thereafter the cats were observed for 120 minutes. Drug-treated cats received at 25 mg/kg i.v. bolus of PTX at the beginning of hemorrhage, followed by a continuous infusion of 25 mg/kg/hr throughout the experiment. PTX had no effect on MABP, pH(a-cv), P(cv-a) CO2 and lactic acid value but, PTX group had more rapid HR and higher PcvO, than placebo group(P<0.05). In addition, we found that pH(a-cv) and P(cv-a) CO2 changes occurred more rapidly than lactic acid changes(P<0.05) after hemorrhagic shock. So, pH(a-cv) and P(cv-a) CO2 changes might be considered as useful parameters for early detection of derangement of tissue oxygenation in shock states. It was concluded that PTX had no effects on indices of representing tissue oxygenation except improvement of central venous oxygen tension in this feline hemorrhagic shock model. Further studies are needed.
Animals ; Blood Volume ; Cats* ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism ; Models, Animal ; Oxygen ; Pentoxifylline* ; Shock ; Shock, Hemorrhagic* ; Survival Rate

Compression of the airway is relatively common in pediatric patients, although it is often an unrecognized complication of congenital cardiac and aortic arch anomalies. Aortopexy has been established as a surgical treatment for tracheobronchial obstruction associated with vascular anomaly, aortic arch anomaly, esophageal atresia, and tracheoesophageal fistula. The tissue-to-tissue arch repair technique could result in severe airway complication such as compression of the left main bronchus which was not a problem before the correction. We report three cases of corrective open heart surgery monitored by intraoperative bronchoscopy performed during prebypass, and performed immediately before weaning from bypass, to evaluate tracheobronchial obstruction caused by congenital, complex cardiac anomalies in the operating room.
Airway Obstruction* ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Coarctation ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy* ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Operating Rooms ; Thoracic Surgery ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; Weaning

During general anesthesia, intubation with kink-resistant armored tubes permit the anesthesiologist to work some distance from the surgical field during operation on the head and neck or with patients whose unusual position may kink and obstruct a tube not so reinforced. But armored tubes are still subject to number of hazards, including herniation of the intra-luminal cuff or layer into the lumen of the tube. So extra care is required in their use. We report a case of intraluminal herniation of armored tube accompanied with peak inspiratory pressure during general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neck

No abstract available.
Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy*