Artificial abortion and euthanasia are serious ethical Issues in medical field. However, the ways to solve them would be different according to the culture and customs of a country. In Korea, the rate of artificial abortion is so high that many people tend to consider it as a personal misfortune rather than an ethical mischief. National policy to control the population and souety's traditional preference for sons over daughters have fostered the tendency. For euthanasia, especially "passive euthanasia", most Korean people think it acceptable if under proper condition, and many doctors consent to it. In such circumstances, it is not much of necessity to debate on the ethical righteousness of artificial abortion or woman's right to choose it. More important thing is how we can reduce the number of abortion cases and protect woman's health against the side effects of "unnecessary" abortion. Proper education, public relation, and cooperation with civil or religious groups will be helpful to achieve this goal, and we physicians should try to do it. "Passive euthanasia" is thought to be ethically acceptable in the view of traditional customs, social justice, and welfare of the patient. However, "active euthanasia" harbors great ethical risks in current situation. Therefore, we should prepare and establish a proper process and system that patients, doctors, and the whole society can accept. "Advance directives" or "living will" would be good options if well modified to our culture. For all these, the education and training of professinals in this area is urgent.
Education ; Ethics ; Ethics, Medical ; Euthanasia* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nuclear Family ; Social Justice ; Women's Health ; Women's Rights

No abstract available.
Child* ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Humans ; Imipramine*

Since the development of cardiac monitoring, Holter ECG monitoring, His Bundle electrogram and cardiac pacemaker, the cardiac conduction defect has been diagosed more precisely. Also SA block and sick sinus syndrome were well investigated recently. Author reviewed 10,084 cases of electrocardiograms for recent 3 years which were examined at korea University Hospital and analyzed the incidence of conduction defect, type of SA block, conduction defect in myocardial infarction and the relation of SA and AV conduction defect and Q-T(c). There were 5,390 cases of male and 4,694 cases of female with age range of 10 months to more than 80 years. In 60 cases, 24 hour Holter ECG monitoring were also carried out. The data were as follows; 1. There were 568 cases of cardiac conduction defect out of 10,084 cases and the incidence was 5.64% as a whole. Among the conduction defects, there was SA block in 0.36%, AV block in 2.12%(1st degree in 1.86%, Mobitz type I in 0.11%, Mobitz type II in 0.08%, complete block in 0.07%), bundle branck block in 2.52%(RBBB in 2.13%, LBBB in 0.39%), intraventricular conduction defect in 0.20%, left bundle hemiblock in 0.07%, bifascicular block in 0.05%, 1st degree AV block with BBB in 0.18%, W-P-W syndrome in 0.1% and L-G-L syndrome in 0.04%. 2. There were 36 cases of SA block among 10,084 cases(0.36%). In 26 cases, there were one case of Mobitz type I 2nd degree SA block, Mobitz type II in 20 cases, no P wave with nodal escape in 13 cases and 2 cases of transient sinus arrest associated with syncopal attack which were diagnosed by 24 hour Holter ECG monitoring. 3. There were 45 cases of conduction defect in 122 cases of acute or subacute myocardial infarction(36.9%). Among the 45 cases, there were 2 cases of SA block, 15 cases of 1st degree AV block, 2 cases of 2nd degree AV block, 2 cases of complete AV block, 10 cases of RBBB, 3 cases of LBBB, 4 cases of intraventricular conduction defect and 7 cases of left bundle hemiblock. These data showed lower incidence of critical conduction defect such as Mobitz type II and complete AV block in Korea than in United States. 4. The Q-T(c)interval were measured in 207 cases of SA block and AV block without BBB or IVCD. The values of Q-T(c)in cases of conduction defect were within normal limits. In cases of myocardial infarction, there were mild prolongation of Q-T(c)interval, however there was no difference of Q-T(c)interval between infarction with conduction defect and those without conduction defect. There was no correlation between P-R interval prolongation and Q-T(c)interval. These data suggested that the cardiac conduction defect is a specific involvement of conduction system by various causes rather than diffuse myocardial changes.
Atrioventricular Block ; Electrocardiography* ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Female ; Heart* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Korea ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; United Nations ; United States

No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

No abstract available.
Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Neural Conduction*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*