No abstract available.
Teratoma*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etching effects and bond strength of total etching and self-etching adhesive system on unground enamel using scanning electron microscopy and microtensile bond strength test. The buccal coronal unground enamel from human extracted molars were prepared using low-speed diamond saw. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (group SM), Clearfil SE Bond (group SE), or Adper Prompt L-Pop (group LP) were applied to the prepared teeth, and the blocks of resin composite (Filtek Z250) were built up incrementally. Resin tag formation was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, after removal of enamel surface by acid dissolution and dehydration. For microtensile bond strength test, resin-bonded teeth were sectioned to give a bonded surface area of 1mm2. Microtensile bond strength test was perfomed. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A definite etching pattern was observed in Scotchbond Multi-Purpose group. 2. Self-etching groups were characterized as shallow and irregular etching patterns. 3. The results (mean) of microtensile bond strength were SM; 26.55 MPa, SE; 18.15 MPa, LP; 15.57 MPa. SM had significantly higher microtensile bond strength than SE and PL (p < 0.05), but there was no significant differance between SE and PL.
Adhesives* ; Dehydration ; Dental Enamel* ; Diamond ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molar ; Tooth

Purpose: The study aimed to classify patient safety accident and nursing malpractice types through a content analysis of litigation cases in which nurses were found guilty. Methods: Data on malpractice cases were collected from the official website of the Korean judiciary. This analysis was conducted in stages according to the systematic content analysis method. A total of 46 cases consisting of 14 criminal cases and 32 civil cases were selected for analysis, and classified based on the types of safety accident and nursing malpractice. Results: Eleven categories and 14 subcategories of accidents were extracted from 71 significant statements. The 11 categories of accidents consisted of falls, medication, burns, treatment, diet, medical equipment, delivery, exams, surgery, infection, and suicide. Five categories and 14 subcategories of nursing malpractice were extracted from 71 significant statements. The five categories of malpractice were as follows: failure to take affirmative action to prevent accidents, monitor, follow guidelines, use equipment properly, and reports. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of nurses’ independent roles as patients’ safety managers. It can be used as primary data to develop organizational and educational support for nurses seeking to perform their professional roles in ensuring patient safety.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to report outcomes of apical and posterior pelvic organ prolapse repair using posterior transvaginal mesh kit. METHODS: Thirty four consecutive patients with apical or posterior pelvic organ prolapse over pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) stage 2 were repaired by posterior transvaginal mesh kit at the Korea University Guro Hospital between July 2007 and June 2011. Postoperative follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 6 months after surgery, with question about side effects and POP-Q exam. RESULTS: Thirty four consecutive patients who underwent posterior transvaginal mesh kit had completed 6 month follow up. The demographics are the mean age 65.9+/-8.6 years, the mean body mass index 26.4+/-3.0 kg/m2 and the mean parity 3.6+/-1.5. Overall anatomic cure rates of apical pelvic organ prolapse and rectocele were 91.7%, 92.6%, respectively. The Ap, Bp scores improved significantly after operation (p<0.01). No patient presented healing abnormality. CONCLUSION: Posterior transvaginal mesh kit is effective and safe for treatment of apical and posterior pelvic organ prolapse.
Body Mass Index ; Demography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Parity ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse ; Rectocele

PURPOSE: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a neurodegerative disease due to persistent measles virus infection. We investigated the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule which is related with chronic viral infection in developing SSPE in mouse. METHODS: We adopt the PD-1-/-, PD-1-/+, and wild type BALB/c 3 week old mice to make an animal model of SSPE by injecting measles virus (SSPE strain) intraventricularly. Three months after infusion of virus, the mice were sacrificed and examined if the typical pathologic lesions had been progressed. The sera were collected from each group of mice and the serum level of IL-21 was measured with ELISA kit. RESULTS: The necrotic lesions on white matter and gliosis were found in focal areas in wild type BALB/c. The extent of lesion was smaller in heterotype BALB/c. Scanty lesions were found in PD-1-/- mice. The sera level of IL-21 was not elevated in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the PD-1 molecule may play a role in persistent viral infection.
Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Knockout Techniques* ; Gliosis ; Measles virus ; Measles* ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ; Viruses

No abstract available.
Pneumonectomy*

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to develop and test a mastery learning program of nursing skills for undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: In this methodological study, first, the preliminary draft of a mastery learning program to provide training for nursing skills was developed based on Bloom's framework for mastery learning. Second, to test the developed program, a single-blinded, nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized study was conducted on 50 senior nursing students in a University selected by convenient sampling. Thirteen students were assigned to a control group; 13, 12, and 13 of them were assigned to intravenous therapy, transfusion, and patient transfer groups, respectively. The achievement levels and performance scores of the selected nursing skills were measured before and after the completion of the program in all the groups. Lastly, the final program was confirmed based on the results of the program testing. RESULTS: Intravenous therapy, transfusion, and patient transfer were selected as essential nursing skills for the program based on the priorities rated by clinical instructors and staff nurses. The achievement levels of selected nursing skills were determined by Angoff scores. After participating in the program, the proportion of passers and performance scores of the nursing skills in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The final program was confirmed which included a diagnostic test, enrichment activities for the passers and three repetitions of corrective activities and formative assessments for non-passers. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a mastery learning program for undergraduate students can lead to better improvement and performance of essential nursing skills.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Learning* ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Patient Transfer ; Program Development ; Students, Nursing*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and identify the role of interventional procedure of tamponade treatment with modified Sengstaken-Blankemore (S-B) tube on control of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) unresponsive to conventional medical treatment. METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively on the clinical records of 90 patients who had experienced PPH at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of OO University Hospital from February, 2000 to September, 2005. We have actively applied tamponade balloon since 2004. As a result, tamponade balloon were applied to 17 patients. Medical records were reviewed such as clinical status, cause of bleeding, volume of balloon, duration of balloon, complication, success rate and additional treatment. RESULTS: We have overall success rate of tamponade balloon in 11 (64.7%) of 17 patients of PPH. The causes of bleeding were subinvolution of uterus (100%), uterine atony (80%) and abnormal placentation (20%) in order of success rate. There was no major complication related to the tamponade procedure. We had compared final treatment during two period (before tamponade use v.s after tamponade use). 15 (33.3%) received invasive procedure and 8 (17.8%) received hysterectomy before tamponade use. However 10 (22.2%) received invasive procedure and just 1 (2.2%) received hysterectomy after tamponade use. CONCLUSION: Tamponade with modified S-B tube is effective on PPH unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and cuts down additional invasive procedure when tamponade treatment failed.
Gynecology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Medical Records ; Obstetrics ; Placentation ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterus

PURPOSE: We investigated the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), VIP receptor 1 (VPAC1), VIP receptor 2 (VPAC2) genes in the human umbilical cord blood CD34 cells, and the ability of VIP to stimulate human primitive as well as monopotent hematopoietic progenitors. METHODS: We isolated RNA from umbilical cord blood CD34 cells, and then performed RT-PCR, and sequencing. The umbilical cord blood CD34 cells were cultured with the various concentrations of VIP for burst-forming unit of erythrocyte (BFU-E), colony-forming unit of granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-GM), colony-forming unit of graulocyte/erythrocyte/monocyte/megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM), and colony-forming unit of megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk). RESULTS: The RNA coding for VPAC1 was detected in human umbilical cord blood CD34 cells. VIP significantly stimulated the growth of CFU-GEMM and CFU-Mk. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that VIP is an important neuropeptide in the early proliferation of human primitive as well as megakaryocyte progenitors.
Clinical Coding ; Erythrocytes ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells ; Megakaryocytes ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells ; Neuropeptides ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; RNA ; Stem Cells ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in maternal circulating blood during normal pregnancies and examine their relationship with maternal platelet counts. METHODS: The 33 subjects were selected from healthy normotensive women from the antenatal clinic at Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital. Blood samples for VEGF were taken at 7 to 8 weeks' gestation, 16 to 18 weeks' gestation, 24 to 26 weeks' gestation, 30 to 32 weeks' gestation, 37 to 41 weeks' gestation. Serum and plasma were extracted from all samples, and VEGF concentrations were measured in duplicates by competitive enzyme immunoassay. The 23 of them, the platelet counts were performed with an automated blood Coulter counter. RESULTS: Serum VEGF levels during normal pregnancies were mean 6.73 ng/mL at 7-8 weeks' gestation, 7.88 ng/mL at 16-18 weeks' gestation, 7.18 ng/mL at 24-26 weeks' gestation, 8.42 ng/mL at 30-32 weeks' gestation, 14.03 ng/mL at 37-41 weeks' gestation. Plasma VEGF levels were mean 5.50 ng/ mL at 7-8 weeks' gestation, 7.23 ng/mL at 16-18 weeks' gestation, 7.98 ng/mL at 24-26 weeks' gestation, 7.35 ng/mL at 30-32 weeks' gestation, 14.05 ng/mL at 37-41 weeks' gestation. The trends in the mean VEGF levels were similar between serum and plasma, with stable levels until 30 to 32 weeks' gestation, and then the levels were increased. There was no significant difference between serum VEGF levels and plasma VEGF levels (p=0.236) and no correlation between circulating VEGF levels and platelet counts. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that platelets may not be the origin of elevated VEGF levels in normal pregnancies because there was no correlation between VEGF levels and platelet counts.
Academic Medical Centers ; Blood Platelets* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Plasma ; Platelet Count* ; Pregnancy* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*