No Abstract Available.
Melatonin* ; Pineal Gland*

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Paresis* ; Tuberculosis*

The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in developed countries. Child obesity has become a major concern to health providers since it has grown to epidemic proportions over the past few decades. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical status, dietary habits and life styles according to the obesity degree among obese children residing in the Gyungbuk area. The subjects were 148 elementary school students (boy 103, girl 45) and classified as mildly obese (n = 56), moderately obese (n = 61) and severely obese (n = 31) by the obesity index. The average body weight and height increased significantly according to the obesity degree (P <0.05, P <0.001). Serum cholesterol concentration came under the normal level in all groups. Serum AST activity increased according to the obesity degree but it was not significant. Serum ALT activity increased according to the obesity degree (P <0.05). Dietary habit score was lower significantly according to the obesity degree (P <0.01). Life style of the subjects was significantly different for the level of 'healthy state (P <0.05)', 'body perception (P <0.01)', 'watching TV and video (P <0.05)', 'normal sleeping hour (P <0.05)' and 'degree of stress (P <0.05)' according to the obesity degree. A positive relationship between obesity index and blood pressure, ALT has been shown in the subjects. Obesity index and dietary habit scores were negatively associated. Therefore, these results suggest that a practical nutrition-exercise education program for the prevention of child obesity should be provided to elementary school children.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Developed Countries ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Porphyrins ; Prevalence

Pupose:Recently childhood obesity is increasing and has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) among children and adolescents. We evaluated insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 48 obese children and adolescents. METHODS:All subjects underwent a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test(1.75 g of glucose per kg of body weight) and then glucose and insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment, and betacell function was estimated by calculating the ratio between the changes in the insulin level and glucose level during the first 30 minutes after the ingestion of glucose. RESULTS:IGT was detected in 4.2% of the 24 obese children(4-10 years of age) and 20.8% of the 24 obese adolescents(11 to 18 years of age). Type 2 DM was identified in 8.3% in children and 29.2% in adolescent obesity. Insulin levels were markedly elevated after the glucose tolerance test in subjects with IGT but a little decreased in cases with DM. Those changes of insulin levels were not significant statistically. The insulinogenic index was decreased in IGT and DM group of childhood and adolescent obesity compared to normal glucose tolerance(NGT) but it was not significant statistically. Insulin resistance, which was evaluated with fasting insulin, QUICKI and HOMA-IR, was increased in childhood obesity compared with adolescent obesity and the HOMA-IR of adolescent IGT group was significantly higher compared with NGT group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IGT is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity. IGT was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, while beta-cell function was still relatively preserved. Overt type 2 diabetes was linked to insulin resistance and to beta cell failure.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Eating ; Fasting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence*

Pupose:Recently childhood obesity is increasing and has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) among children and adolescents. We evaluated insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 48 obese children and adolescents. METHODS:All subjects underwent a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test(1.75 g of glucose per kg of body weight) and then glucose and insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment, and betacell function was estimated by calculating the ratio between the changes in the insulin level and glucose level during the first 30 minutes after the ingestion of glucose. RESULTS:IGT was detected in 4.2% of the 24 obese children(4-10 years of age) and 20.8% of the 24 obese adolescents(11 to 18 years of age). Type 2 DM was identified in 8.3% in children and 29.2% in adolescent obesity. Insulin levels were markedly elevated after the glucose tolerance test in subjects with IGT but a little decreased in cases with DM. Those changes of insulin levels were not significant statistically. The insulinogenic index was decreased in IGT and DM group of childhood and adolescent obesity compared to normal glucose tolerance(NGT) but it was not significant statistically. Insulin resistance, which was evaluated with fasting insulin, QUICKI and HOMA-IR, was increased in childhood obesity compared with adolescent obesity and the HOMA-IR of adolescent IGT group was significantly higher compared with NGT group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: IGT is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity. IGT was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, while beta-cell function was still relatively preserved. Overt type 2 diabetes was linked to insulin resistance and to beta cell failure.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Eating ; Fasting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effect of non-smoking campaign for subway workers on their health behavior such as smoking, drinking, and exercise. METHOD: The study was done on the subjects of 112 male employees for 3 years from 2003 to 2005 working at the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation. However, the subjects decreased to 105 in 2004 and 111 in 2005 due to work transfer. The data were obtained through administering questionnaires. The non-smoking campaign was done with health education using various strategies and methods by an administrator-in-charge assisted by the community health center. RESULTS: Smoking rate and cigarette consumption decreased but there was no statistical significance. Smokers' frequency of drinking and exercise were higher than that of non-smokers, but there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The result indicated the program was not effective to change the subjects' health behavior; therefore, tailored program considering the subjects is recommended.
Community Health Centers ; Drinking ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Railroads ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effect of non-smoking campaign for subway workers on their health behavior such as smoking, drinking, and exercise. METHOD: The study was done on the subjects of 112 male employees for 3 years from 2003 to 2005 working at the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation. However, the subjects decreased to 105 in 2004 and 111 in 2005 due to work transfer. The data were obtained through administering questionnaires. The non-smoking campaign was done with health education using various strategies and methods by an administrator-in-charge assisted by the community health center. RESULTS: Smoking rate and cigarette consumption decreased but there was no statistical significance. Smokers' frequency of drinking and exercise were higher than that of non-smokers, but there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The result indicated the program was not effective to change the subjects' health behavior; therefore, tailored program considering the subjects is recommended.
Community Health Centers ; Drinking ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Railroads ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

No abstract available.
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* ; Humans ; Physicians, Family*