The high incidence of intestinal parasites among the Korean people almost same as 40 years ago might be partly interpreted by the fact that they are all fond of raw vegetables cultivated on the farms fertilized with non-treated night soil. The cabbages, onions and radishes were collected from the five areas of Seoul vicinity and the number of parasites attached to those vegetables were investigated to compare with the results obtained 10 years ago by the same methods of sampling and examination as the present survey. The resultant findings were summarized as follows: The eggs of Ascaris, hookworm, Trichostrongylus and whipworm, rhabditoid larvae and filariform larvae of hookworms were detected from those vegetables. Additionally, a number of larvae of free living nematodes and morphologically undetermined eggs were also observed. The maximum number of parasites found from one vegetable were as follows: 16 Ascaris eggs on a cabbage, 27 hookworm eggs on an onion, 8 whipworm eggs on a cabbage, 68 filariform larvae of hookworm on an onion. The onions were highly contaminated by the number of parasites as much as 177.6 including the larvae of free living nematodes, the next being the cabbages with 25.3 and the radishes with 4.1 in average. No notable relationship was observed between the size of vegetables and the number of parasites attached to them. Ascaris eggs were found from 56 percent of all cabbages, 28 percent of the onions and 40 percent of the radishes; whipworm eggs were detected on 40 percent of radishes and the filariform larvae of hookworms were observed from 40 percent of onions examined. It may be concluded that there is no notable change in the number of parasites attached to the vegetables collected from the Seoul vicinity compared to the results investigated by the same method 10 years ago.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Ascaris ; hookworm ; Trichuris trichiura ; epidemiology ; vegetable

No abstract available.

This longitudinal study examines the burdens and related factors for stroke patient's primary family caregivers. Sixty-one patients treated for stroke at a general hospital in Chung-nam province and family member caregivers participated in this study from July 28, 1998 to August 1, 1999. Family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the burden scale originally developed by Zarit(1980) and Novak &Geust(1989) and modified by Oh's(1993) for use in Korea. The burden scale instrument consists of five subscales.: financial burden, social burden, physical burden, dependency burden, and emotional burden. Repeated ANOVA and Stepwise multiple regression were used in the data analyses. The results were as follows: The burden mean score was 3.23 in the hospital, 3.26 after hospital release, and 3.27 in the home environment. In the hospital, a patient's degree of cognition, and social support for family caregivers were significant factors affecting the sense of burden felt by family caregivers. After hospital release, the significant factors affecting the sense of burden were the degree to which stroke patients could participate in daily living activities, social support for family caregivers, and changing to a second caregiver. In the home environment, the most significant factor affecting the sense of burden was social support for family caregivers.
Activities of Daily Living ; Caregivers* ; Cognition ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Statistics as Topic ; Stroke*

The veins of the lower limb are subdivided into deep veins, superficial veins, and comminucating veins. The deep veins accompany the arteries, while the superficial veins course under the superficial fascia just beneath the skin and they have great, small saphenous veins, and their tributaries. The superficial and deep veins are connected by the commincating veins, which are usually located along the intermuscular septum. There are many reports about the venous system of the lower limb in foreign countries but a few in Korea. It is considerably valuable in the vascular surgery of the lower limb and the surgical management of the varicose veins. This study deals with the Korean cadavers, the authors observed the location of the saphenofemoral junction, medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins, and deep femoral veins, and the termination modes between the superficial veins and great saphenous veins and the femoral circumflex veins to the deep femoral veins or femoral veins. The following results were: 1. Any noticeable anomalies of the femoral vein proper were not present. 2. The saphenofemoral junctions were located at 3.78±0.91cm below the inguinal ligaments, 2.22±1.18cm below the pubic tubercles, 3.99±0.99cm lateral to the pubic tubercles. 3. The termination modes of superficial veins to the great saphenous veins around the fossa ovalis were classified into 3 types, Type I: Superficial epigastric vein, superficial iliac circumflex vein, external pudendal vein emptied into the upper end of the great saphenous vein(45.1%). Type II: One or more veins among above mentioned 3 veins emptied into the lateral accessory saphenous vein (48.8%). Type III: One or more veins among above mentioned 3 veins emptied into the medial accessory saphenous vein(4.9%). One cadaver(1.2%) was not belonged to the above classification, in which above mentioned 3 veins were emptied directly into the femoral vein. 4. The termination level of deep femoral veins into the femoral veins was 8.68±1.92cm below the inguinal ligaments, 6.60±1.98cm below the pubic tubercles, 5.28±51.46cm lateral to the pubic tubercles. 5. The termination level of medial femoral circumflex veins into the femoral veins or deep femoral veins was 5.10±1.73cm below the inguinal ligaments, 3.65±1.92cm below the pubic tubercles, 4.62±1.41cm lateral to the pubic tubercles, and the termination level of the lateral femoral circumflex veins into the femoral veins or deep femoral veins was 7.00±1.48cm below the inguinal ligaments, 5. 05±1. 67 cm below the pubic tubercles, 5. 41±1.21 cm, lateral to the pubic tubercles. 6. The termination modes of femoral circumflex veins were classified into 4 types in male cadavers, Type A: Medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins emptied into the femoral vein. Type B: Medial femoral circumflex vein emptied into the femoral vein and lateral femoralcircumflex vein emptied into the deep femoral vein. Type C: Medial femoral circumflex vein emptied into the deep femoral vein and lateral femoral circumflex vein emptied into the femoral vein. Type D: Medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins emptied into the deep femoral vein. In the right sides, type A was 94.1% and type C was 5.9% while in the left sides, type A was 79.4%, type B was 5.9% and type C was 14.7%. 7. The collateral circulations were identified in 67 observations (81.7%) and venous circles were identified in 46 observations (56.1%).
Adult ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Classification ; Collateral Circulation ; Femoral Vein ; Femur ; Humans ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Saphenous Vein ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Varicose Veins ; Veins

Leiomyoma is commonly found in the female genital tract, but occurrence in the urinary bladder is very rare with only 235 cases reported in the literature. These tumors have been classified as intravesical (63%), intramural (7%) and extravesical (30%) depending on the direction of the growth. We report a case of intravesical leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 36 year-old woman who exhibited dysuria and urinary retention. The gross and microscopical findings of leiomyoma of the bladder are similar to those of the uterus. Immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) revealed diffuse nuclear staining in smooth muscle cells, supporting the hypothesis of hormonal influence in tumorigenesis.
Adult ; Carcinogenesis ; Coloring Agents ; Dysuria ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Uterus

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral*

No abstract available.
Craniosynostoses*

A 43 year-old Korean male has had multiple, grouped, asymptomatic, yellowish brown flat papules and nodules on the knees, elbows, buttocks, palms and soles for 3 years. Small yeIlowish, discrete papules first appeared on the right palm and left elbow, and gradually increased in size and number and spread to knees, buttocks and soIes. Physical examination revealed normal except for the skin lesions and no familial occurrence was noted. Gross finding of the serum was turbid, more or less creamy and paper electrophoresis revealed marked increase of prebetalipoprotein, increase of betalipoprotein and alphalipoprotein and absence of chylomicron, suggesting type III or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Serem choleterol was 200mg% and fasting blood sugar was 115.0mg%. with normal glucose tolerance test. Histopathology showed many aggregates of foam cells on H-E stain and many lipid droplets in the dermis on Sudan red stain. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings and lipoprotein analysis by the paper electrophoresis, the patient was diagnosed as type IV hyperlipoproteinemia with xanthoma tuberosum.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Buttocks ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Electrophoresis, Paper ; Fasting ; Foam Cells ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV ; Knee ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Sudan ; Xanthomatosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of a refresher program for inactive nurses on nursing professionalism and nursing clinical self-efficacy. METHODS: A pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest was used. The refresher program consisted of 150 hours and was provided to inactive nurses who were recruited from a refresher program at S institute. Eighty inactive nurses participated in the study. Data were collected between June and November 2009. To evaluate the effectiveness of the refresher program, researchers explored participants' nursing professionalism and nursing clinical self-efficacy through self-evaluation questionnaire before and after the refresher program. RESULTS: The refresher program was effective in increasing nursing clinical self-efficacy for inactive nurses (p<.001). However, no significant increase was found in nursing professionalism after completing the program. CONCLUSION: The refresher program had a positive impact on increasing the nursing clinical self-efficacy for inactive nurses.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Surveys and Questionnaires