No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

No abstract available.
Hemangioblastoma* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Pleural Effusion*

The authors analyzed the radiographs(brain CT and cerebral angiograms) and medical & surgical records of 54 cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms resulted in operations at our hospital from January 1991 to December 1995. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The rate of incidence was found to be highest in sixth decade and the ratio of male to female was 1:1. 2) On the preoperative brain CT, ventricular or cerebral hemorrhage combined cases had high Hunt-Hess and Fisher grades. 3) Of 54 cases, hypertension was observed in 20 cases(37%). Hypertension had no effect on the admission Hunt-Hess and Fisher grades. 4) Classification of the anterior communicating artery aneurysms according to its directions were as follows; anterior direction in 57.4%, superior direction in 18.5%, posterior direction in 13%, inferior direction in 11.1%. 5) The afferent artery of anterior communicating artery aneurysms were as follows; left A1 in 38 cases(70.4%), right A1 in 12 cases(22,2%), bilateral A1 in 4 cases(7.4%). 6) The ranges of diameters of the aneurysm was as follows;6-10mm in 57.4%, below 5mm in 22.2%. 7) The posteriorly directing aneurysms showed less favorable preoperative state, and preoperative hydrocephalus was most common on the posteriorly directing aneurysms. 8) There was no significant relationship between direction of aneurysm and prognosis. However, better Hunt-Hess grades seem to correlate better prognosis. 9) The operation was performed by pterional approach in all cases, the approach side was selected for the presence of dominant feeding artery in 50 cases(92.6%). 10) Overall mortality rate was 1.8%, the patients who died are of the older age group and the cause of death was medical complication in 6 cases.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Mortality ; Prognosis

Bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid arteries is a rare condition. The authors experienced two cases of bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid arteries. In one case, a 46-year-old female patient, presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Internal carotid angiograms showed right hypoplastic internal carotid artery and left agenetic internal carotid artery. An aneurysm, believed to be the source of the subarachnoid hemorrhage, took origin from the trunk of the basilar artery. In another case, a 48-year-old male, presented with semicomatous mentality. Brain CT demonstrated intracranial hemorrhage on the parasylvian area, and high density on the basal cistern, quadrigerminal cistern and temporal horn of left lateral ventricle. Initially, aortic arch injection did not visualized the origin of the common carotid arteries. It revealed only the vertebral arteries and both external carotid artery originating from each vertebral artery. A selective left vetebral artery study demonstrated a communication between the hypertrophied basilar artery and the posterior cerebral arteries. The anterior and middle cerebral vessels, in turn, were opacified through the circle of Willis, via the posterior communicating arteries. In addition, an aneurysm, believed to be the sourse of the subarachnoid hemorrhage, took origin from the posterior cerebral artery. The cases of the bilateral hypoplasia of internal carotid artery with intracranial aneurysm are reported as above, together with literature review.
Aneurysm ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Circle of Willis ; Collateral Circulation ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vertebral Artery

The authors reviewed the radiographs and medical records of 134 consecutive patients who underwent chemonucleolysis and automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy(APLD) between March 1990 and December 1994 at our institute. Among the 34 consecutive patients, 90 patients underwent chemonucleolysis and the other remaining patients underwent APLD using a nucleotome. The results are summarized as follows: 1) In both groups, predominent patients were of young age and males. 2) The most common lesion was in L4-5 interspace in both groups 3) The posteior lateral type showed high incidence in APLD group. 4) The results were better in the younger age group and when spinal CT demonstrated posterior lateral type in both groups. 5) The results showed relatively good success rate of 84.4% in chemonucleolysis group and 88.6% in APLD group. 6) Better results can be anticipated when patients are carefully selected and operated on with a higher skillful technique.
Diskectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis ; Male ; Medical Records ; Spine*

Total 8,341 pregnant women who visited Obstetric Clinic Cheil General Hospital from Jaunary 1991 to July 1992 were screened for HBsAg. Sixty five women with positive HBsAg who delivered healthy babies during that period and their infants are included in the study. HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc, HBeAg and Anti-HBe were tested by radioimmunoassay and hepatitis B virus DNA were studied by polymerase chain reaction technique in both mothers' and babies serum. The results were as follow: 1) Among 8,341 pregnant women who were screened for HBsAg 374 were asymptomatic carriers(4.5%). 2) The newborn babies born to 65 mothers who were positive HBsAg showed HBsAg in 4.6%, HBeAg 75.0%, anti-HBc 98.4% and hepatitis B virus DNA in 26.2%. 3) It showed discordance of HBeAg/anti-HBe, with hepatitis B virus DNA in newborn infants. 4) Follow up study at 8~20 months showed HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA in 2 infants out of 20.
DNA ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnant Women ; Radioimmunoassay

To investigate resistance to lamivudine (3TC), we examined the incidence of M184V in 20 HIV-1 patients treated with 3TC for 13.1 +/- 9 months. Fourteen of 20 patients had been exposed to zidovudine (ZDV) or didanosine (ddl) prior to 3TC therapy. Nested PCR targeting to reverse transcriptase (RT) and direct sequencing were performed for peripheral blood mononuclear cells sampled serially. There were resistance mutations to ZDV in at least 9 patients at baseline, although there was no resistance mutation to 3TC. We could detect M184V in 6 (30%) out of 20 patients. The incidence of M184V increased as the duration of therapy prolongs (13% in samples<12 months; 47% in samples gtoreq 12 months). The frequency of mutation M184V was higher in patients with previous mutation to ZDV than in patients with wild type. Resistance mutation was not detected in 7 patients. This study shows that resistance to 3TC tends to develop rapidly in patients with baseline mutations or two drugs combination therapy than in those treated simultaneously with triple drugs. This report is the first on resistance to 3TC in Korean AIDS patients.
Didanosine ; HIV-1* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lamivudine* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Zidovudine

The present study was attempted to obtain the regional differences of development of the parvalbumin- and calbindin-ir neurons in the maturing rat hippocampus. Sprague-Dawley rats at 3, 7 days, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 weeks of age were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde fixative. The hippocampus was cut into 30 or 40(m sections with a cryostat. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the parvalbumin and the calbindin using ABC method. The parvalbumin-ir neurons and their axon plexuses achieved the adult patterns as following sequences;CA2 and CA3 at ghe second postnatal week, CA1 at the third week, and dentate granule cell layer by fifth postnatal week. In addition, the calbindin-ir neurons showed the adult patterns by second postnatal week in CA2, CA3, mossy fibers, and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the CA1 at the third week, and finally the dentate granular cell layer by fifth week. These results revealed that time course of the maturation of the parvalbumin- and calbindin-ir neurons in the rat hippocampus showed an area-specificity. The delayed maturation of CA1 and the latest maturation of the dentage granular cell layer suggested that the neurons in these locations seemed to exhibit differential responses to the conditions of increased intracellular calcium, when compared with other areas or with the adult hippocampus.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons ; Calbindins ; Calcium ; Calcium-Binding Proteins* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Neurons* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley