No abstract available.
Pelvic Pain* ; Prostate* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

OBJECTIVE: The study was performed to compare the survival rate and the development of day 2 mouse embryos which had freezing procedures done. METHODS: We used three different vitrification solutions (EFS, VS14, DPS) and a ultrarapid freezing solution (UFS) for cryopreservation of day 2 mouse embryo. RESULTS: We tested toxicity by exposing embryos to vitrification solutions and a ultrarapid freezing solution. The survival rates are 100%, 97.8%, 95.6% and 100% (EFS, VS14, DPS and UFS). After cultured for 96 hours, hatching rates of each group are 93.5% (no freezing), 95.6% (EFS), 86.4% (VS14), 93.0% (DPS), and 93.0% (UFS). There is no significant differences among groups. The survival rates after thawing cryopreserved embryos are 80.2%, 91.7%, 69.5%, 0% and 91.8% (slow freezing, EFS, VS14, DPS and UFS). Also cultured for 96 hours, the hatching rates are 93.5% (no freezing), 84.1% (slow freezing), 93.9%) (EFS), 48.5% (VS14) and 70.1% (UFS). CONCLUSION:The survival rates of vitrification in EFS solution and ultrarapid freezing are higher than slow freezing (p<0.05). The hatching rate of vitrification in EFS solution cultured for 96 hours is highest, so vitrification of day 2 mouse embryos in EFS solution considered as more effective for cryopreservation.
Animals ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing* ; Mice* ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification*

BACKGROUND: Afterload as well as myocardial contractil ity is an important factor for the adequacy of circulation after cardiac surgery . To noninvasively assess alterations in afterload, we evaluated the changes in aortic blood velocity waveform. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ascending aortic blood flow was measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography befo re and after afterload manipulation in eight open-chest dogs. Nitroprusside was administered singly and simultaneously with epinephrine in various combinations. Left atrial pressure as an index of preload was maintained by saline administra tion. RESULT: The infusion of nitrop russide produced dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and index of systemi c vascular resistance(ISVR) (all p<0.05 vs baseline), which was associated with increases in peak velocity(PV), mean acceleration(MA) and minute distance, and w ith a decrease in acceleration time(all p<0.05 vs baseline). ISVR obtained durin g nitroprusside infusion had a better correlation with both PV(r=-0.60, p=0.001) and MA(r=-0.52, p=0.003) than with velocity time integral(VTI) or the Doppler t ime intervals. The combined infusion of nitroprusside and epinephrine, unless IS VR was elevated, produced synergistic effects on PV, MA and VTI, but these Doppl er indexes tended to diminish with an elevation in afterload. CONCLUSION: Doppler measuremen t of PV and MA in the ascending aorta may be used to noninvasively assess change s in afterload.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Aorta ; Atrial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Dogs ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Epinephrine ; Nitroprusside ; Regional Blood Flow ; Thoracic Surgery

No abstract available.
Hepatorenal Syndrome*

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is an uncommon carcinoma accounting for less than 1% of the breast carcinoma. This type of carcinoma has a distinctive histology, such as cylindromatous, cribriform, glandlike space and solid pattern in the variable proportion. Prognosis is favorable with rare recurrence or metastasis and the guideline for therapy is not well established. We experienced a case of ACC of right breast in the 48 year-old woman. Cytologically, it showed numerous three-dimensional, well outlined cell clusters with central core of homogeneous, eosinophilic material. The mass was well demarcated, firm and measured 2.5 2.5 2 cm. Cut surface was yellowish white and granular with focal necrosis. Histologically, the tumor was composed of cylindromatous, adenoid and solid area with marked cellular atypia. Focal invasion was identified in the adipose tissue around the tumor. Histologic and nuclear grade was III by Kleer's grade. Nodal metastasis was not found.
Adenoids* ; Adipose Tissue ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Herpes simplex esophagitis has been recognized with increased frequency as an opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed or debilitated patients. However, it is also documented as self-limited esophagitis in apparently healthy patients. We report two cases of herpetic esophagitis diagnosed by biopsies. One case was noted in an immunocompetent patient having gastric peptic ulcer who had clinical improvement with symptomatic treatment. And the other was noted in an immunosuppressed patient having chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma who had resolution of symptoms with acyclovir therapy. Histologically, esophageal mucosa exhibited erosion and inflammatory cellular exudate with intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in the epithelial cells. These were confirmed by the PCR and immunohistochemical stain for herpes simplex virus using a biopsy material.
Acyclovir ; Biopsy ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Esophagitis* ; Exudates and Transudates ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Opportunistic Infections ; Peptic Ulcer ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Simplexvirus

This study was carried out to investigate the intricate mechanisms of intraalveolar fibrosis, leading to the alveolar structural remodeling, of rat lungs treated with paraquat. Sixty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats, maintained on a stock diet, weighing 200.0 gm, average, were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group 1. Control group (10 rats). Intraperitoneal injections of 2-4 ml normal saline only. Group 2(13 rats). 10, 20, 25, 30 and 40 mg per kg of body weight was administered intraperitoneally. Animals were sacificed 5 hours. 1 and 3 days after paraquat treatment. Group 3(16 rats). 20, 25, 30 and 40 mg per kg of body weight was administered to the animal, and animals died 2-5 days after paraquat administration. Group 4(24 rats). The same amount of paraquat was administered to the animal as in the group 2. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after paraquat treatment. Sacrificed animal lung was examined by gross, light-microscopic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural observation, along with cellular and chemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results were as follows: Grossly, 6 rats of chronic stage (1-10 weeks survival) developed multiple wedge-shaped scars on both lungs. These scars were situated mainly along the bronchial trees, blood vessels and subpleural regions. Light microscopically, the salient features found of the chronic stage lungs were intraalveolar fibrosis. Intraluminal buds or polypoid masses projecting into the alveolar lumen and ducts. Elsewhere, loose connective tissue masses were found to fuse together to alveolar wall, obliterating the alveolar spaces with resultant severe alveolar structural remodeling. Immunohistochemically, fibronectin was found in the center of intraalveolar buds and polypoid mass, projecting into the alveolar lumen, and in the adjacent proliferating alveolar macrophages. An attempt to measure the amount of fibronectin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid failed. Electron microscopically, the chronic stage lung revealed marked proliferation of both alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts in the alveolar spaces, the latter containing actin-like microfilaments and collagen fibers arranged in bundles and spirals. In areas, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells also present. Cellular analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic stage lungs revealed no significant findings. It can be concluded, therefore: That intraalveolar fibrosis of the paraquat-treated lungs of the rat is probably mediated by intraalveolar migrations of the interstitial cells, the main task force being the connective tissue cells, passing through the defects created in the epithelial lining surface to its basement membrane, which were inflicted upon the alveolar wall by paraquat toxicity. Fibronectin, released by activated alveolar macrophages, may be responsible for the migrations of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into the alveolar spaces to form the intraalveolar fibrosis with subsequent alveolar structural remodeling,
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of the peer suicide prevention gatekeeper program for use with middle school students. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental research of a nonequivalent control group. The gatekeeper program was used as the experimental treatment with the students from May 14 to June 11, 2010. The 54 research participants were assigned to the experimental (23) or control (31) group. The gatekeeper program was administered four times to the experimental group. Data analysis was done with SPSS 12.0 for t-test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: There were significant changes in the level of problem solving competence. There were no significant changes in the level of depression, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the Gatekeeper program is an effective nursing intervention to increase the level of problem solving competence in middle school students.
Adolescent ; Depression ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Peer Group ; Problem Solving ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide*

Nevus comedonicus is a rare skin abnormality characterized by a unilateral and usually linear distribution of groups of comedones, Histologically, local epidermal invagination and keratin material plugging in invaginated pouch and immatured hair follicles on lower part of the pouch were seen. Two cases are reported at first in the Korean literature. Case 1: A 24 year old man has had black colored comedolike skin lesions on left cheek with 16 years duration without any subjective symptoms. Case 2: A 19 year old girl has had multiple comedolike lesions on right buttock with 2 years duration, acompanied by recurrent suppuration and moderate itching. Our 2 cases, all are typical Nevus Comedonicus Unilateralis case in clinically and histopathologically. Treatment with local application of steroid cream and dermoabrasion resulted good effect, but essentially there is no need to treat untill complication deveoped.
Buttocks ; Cheek ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Nevus* ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Abnormalities ; Suppuration ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans ; Urinary Tract*