Recently, the bcl-2 and p53 protein have been recognized as important factors that is contributed to programmed cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in uterine cervical carcinoma. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 in 59 cases of uterine cervical carcinoma (stage IB to IIB) were surgically treated from January 1993 to June 1994. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 was examined by immunohistochemical method using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens. The 48 cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 11 cases were adenocarcinoma. The results were as follows: 1. The expression rate of bcl-2 protein was 28.8%(17/59) and there was no significant correlaltion between the expression of bcl-2 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters (histologic type, grade, FIGO stage, cervical invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, parametrial invasion, tumor size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, recurrence, survival). 2. The expression rate of p53 protein was 32.2%(19/59) and there was no significant correlation between expression of p53 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters. 3. There was significant correlation between and expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein (P 0.05). In conclusion, bcl-2 and p53 protein are thought to be possible factors in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervical carcinoma and correlate with progression of it. But further study will be required to clarify the role of bcl-2 and p53 in carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cervix Uteri ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Seizures*

Fifty two cases of displacecd supracondylar fractures were divided into three groups according to the methods of fracture stabilization. Cast immobilizations without pin fixation were included to the group 1 (12 cases), fixation with lateral pins to the group 2 (22 cases), and lateral and medial cross pins to the group 3 (18 cases). In each group we attempted a radiological analysis for the stabilization failure through measurements of the horizontal rotation and the mediolateral tilting in their preoperative, postoperative and follow-up X-rays. Stabilization failure during the follow-up period was presumpted to be present in those cases that show (1) a development or increase of the horizontal rotation in follow-up lateral X-ray, and (2) accompanied change in Baumann's angle of more than 5 degrees. The failed stabilizations were in three cases (25%) in the group 1. In the group 2 the horizontal rotations after initial fixation were developed in four fractures. However, only two (9%) of the four cases accompanied significant changes in the Baumann's angle. Loss of the initial fixation in the cross pin group was found in one case. These results demonstrate that the cross pin fixation is the most stable form. Fixation in only lateral side sometimes shows rotational instability, but this method seems to be still useful because singificant coronal tilting develops in only a few occasions of those with horizontal rotation.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods

In the review of a series of 71 clavicle shaft fracture that were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, we tried a direct comparison between two fixation modes, that is, the fixation with plate and screws (54 cases) and the intramedullary nailing with Knowles pin (17 cases). The average time to healing was not significantly different between the two group; 10.8 weeks after the plating and 11.7 weeks with Knowles pinning. The rate of successful healing within four months after the surgery were also high in both groups: one delayed union and one nonunion in the plate group, and one delayed union in the Knowles pin group. There was one loosening in the Knowles pin group, which needed reoperation. Intramedullary fixation has several advantages compared with fixation with a plate and screws. It can be performed through a shorter incision: less dissection of soft tissue is needed: and, after healing, the pin is easily removed through a small incision under local anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Local ; Clavicle ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Reoperation

We analyzed 27 cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease that were treated by operative methods at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine from 1975 to 1981. The modalities of treatment were innominate osteotomy in 17 patients; subtrochanteric osteotomy of femur in 4 patients; and adductor-iliopsoas tenotomies in 6 patients. Most of the cases were in Catterall group III or IV diseases with two or more of “head at risk”signs in the preoperative roentgenogram. All but one case were aged more than 7 years at the time of surgery. In all cases clinical and radiological evaluations were performed until the affected femoral head had been fully regenerated. The average period of follow-up was 2 years and 11 months. Final result by Catterall's criteria was good in 15 cases (56%), fair in 7 cases (26%) and poor in only 5 cases (18%). Among 17 cases treated by innominate osteotomy, 13 cases (76%) were in good result and there was no poor result; 15 cases (86%) showed normal containment at the last follow-up x-ray. To compare these end results with those of noncontainment treatment reported by many authors, we were encouraged to proceed our current policy of early definitive containment surgery especially in patients with poor prognostic factors. In cases of estabilshed femoral head deformities that can be confirmed by preoperative arthrography, adductor-iliopsoas tenotomies were useful to restore normal range of motion of hip joint and to prevent further subluxation of the femoral head. The significant prognostic factors at the time of surgery were the patients age; stage of disease; involvement of femoral head; and finally early established irregularities of the femoral head. In every cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease these factors should be carefully assessed to make proper decision for the choice of the most effective modality of treatment.
Arthrography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Containment of Biohazards ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Reference Values ; Tenotomy

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute multisystemic vasculitis, which occurs in children of less than 10 years of age. Recently, KD has become the leading cause of acquired heart diseases in children in the developed world, with coronary artery aneurysms occurring in up to 25% of untreated cases. A number of publications described patients for whom the diagnosis was delayed since the symptoms did not fulfill the required criteria to be diagnosed as KD, and, consequently heightened cardiac complications resulted. These cases are known as atypical or incomplete KD. The following case report describes patients with atypical KD, whose initial presentation mimicked a cervical lymphadenitis. Empiric antibiotics were prescribed in these cases with unsatisfactory response, initially. An awareness of this entity with its manifestations is warranted by otolaryngologists who may well be the first doctor on the scene. Prompt and early treatment with aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin may decrease morbidity and potential mortality of this enigmatic disease.
Aneurysm ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspirin ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphadenitis* ; Mortality ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.

Neurofibroma, one of the peripheral nerve tumor, is a complex benign tumor arising from skin, deep soft tissue, nerve tissue and bone. The incidence of peripheral nerve tumor is relatively low and it may occur either solitarily or diffusely. Plexiform neurofibroma, a type of neurofibroma, develops characteristically in the patients with von Recklinghausen's disease and its exact incidence is unknown. The case reports of solitary plexiform neurofibroma not associated with von Recklinghausen's disease were extremely rare. We reported a case of solitary plexiform neurofibroma on the median nerve.
Humans ; Incidence ; Median Nerve* ; Nerve Tissue ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform* ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ; Skin

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recurrent vestibulopathy is defined a disease characterized by more than a single episode of vertigo of duration characteristic of endolymphatic hydrops but without auditory or clinical neurological symptoms or signs. To investigate the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of combination therapy, we analyzed the clinical records of the patients diagnosed as recurrent vestibulopathy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Clinical records of sixty four patients diagnosed as recurrent vestibulopathy were retrospectively reviewed. The data on age, sex distribution, natural history, family history of recurrent vestibulopathy, concurrent headache, caloric response was analyzed. The efficacy of combination therapy for vertigo control in the patients with a minimum 24-month follow-up was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean onset age of recurrent vestibulopathy was 43 years and there was a female preponderance. Concurrent headache and elevated SP/AP ratio in electrocochleogram was frequently observed in these patients. After the combination medical therapy, patients with severe recurrent vestibulopathy showed significant decrease in the number of vertigo spells with 37.5% of complete control of vertigo. CONCLUSION: As a distinctive clinical disorder with unknown cause, recurrent vestibulopathy should be always considered to the patients complaining recurrent episodic vertigo. Combination therapy individualized to the symptoms and signs of the patients with recurrent vestibulopathy might be effective in reducing the frequency of vertigo attacks. Further case-control studies with large population should be necessary.
Age of Onset ; Case-Control Studies ; Endolymphatic Hydrops ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Natural History ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Neuronitis*