OBJECTIVE: We estimated the number of Korean adults with back pain and evaluated population-based associated factors of back pain from a representative sample data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: The number of Korean adults who experienced back pain (experienced patients), those who experienced back pain lasting for three or more months during the past year (chronic patients), and those who were currently suffering from back pain (current patients) were estimated by analyzing the data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2007 using surveyfreq procedure of the SAS statistical package. Population-based odds ratios for being experienced, chronic, and current patient according to demographic (age and gender), socioeconomic (education and occupation), and lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, and exercise) were estimated using surveylogistic procedure. RESULTS: It was estimated that there were 5,554,256 (proportion, 15.4%; 95% CI, 4,809,466 - 6,299,046) experienced patients, 2,060,829 (5.7%; 1,557,413-2,564,246) chronic patients, and 3,084,188 (8.5%; 2,600,197 - 3,568,179) current patients among 36,107,225 Korean adults aged 20-89 years in 2007. Each of explanatory variables was significantly associated with at least one of the response variables for back pain. CONCLUSION: Based on our study results, further efforts to investigate epidemiology of back pain, to evaluate associated factors, and to improve treatment outcomes are needed.
Adult ; Aged ; Back Pain ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Phenothiazines ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between MR changes of the nucleus pulposus and the time interval after traumatic disc herniation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2-weighted MR images of 132 patients with back pain and/or sciatica were reviewed. The changes of signal intensity, central cleft and height of the nucleus pulposus were used as criteria of disc degeneration and they were graded as normal, mild, moderate and severe degrees of degeneration. Putting these criteria together we provided integrated grade of degeneration of the nucleus pulposus(grade 0-3). To get the preliminary data for normal and age-related disc degeneration, we measured the disc height by age groups and disc levels and analyzed the realtionship between the age of the patients and the signal intensity, cleft and height in normal disc levels of the 132 patients. In 68 patients of 88 levels disc herniation, we analyzed the relationship between symptom duration and the degree of degeneration. Among these 68 patients we selected 14 patients(16 levels) who were under 30 years of age and had history of recent trauma to minimize data distortion from age related degeneration and ambiguity of initiation point of degeneration. In this group we analyzed the relationship between the time period after traumatic disc herniation and the degree of degeneration. RESULTS: The age of the patient had close relationship with the grade of signal intensity, central cleft, and disc height and grade of degeneration of the nucleus pulposus in normal discs. in 88 levels of herniated discs, the duration of symptom and degree of degeneration showed moderate correlation. In 14 patients of disc herniation who were under 30 years old and had trauma history in recent 2 years, grade 1 disc degeneration occured in average 3.7 months after trauma. CONCLUSION: Although it was difficult to proceed statistical analysis in the last group because of small patients number, the degree of degeneration of nucleus pulposus had close relationship with the duration after traumas or duration of symtoms.
Adult ; Back Pain ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Sciatica

Cerebral vascular disease is not infrequent disorder in children. Recently, 66 case of cerebral vascular diseases were investigated at Ped. Depart of Yonsei Medical Center. And obtained following result. 1) Age incidence represented 30% was under 1yr. Of age. 40.9% was under 2 years of age. 2) Of 66 cases 1 schemic vascular disease was 54.5% hemorrage vascular disease was 42.4%. 3) Moya disease was 8(12.1%), cases and cases associated with congenital heart disease was 9 cases(13.6%) and A-V malformatin was 8 cases (12.1%). 4) Over all the survival rate was 80.3% from the accident, in ischemic type the survival rate was 91.7% hemorragic type, 64.3%. 5) The occurrence of sequele in ischemic type was 88%, while hemorragic type 67%.
Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Diseases*

A 49-year-old woman with spasmodic torticollis was treated with interventional muscle and nerve stimulation (IMNS). Her neck was tilted to the left, and her chin was rotated and tilted to the right. Based on patient history, physical examination, and X-ray findings, the right C2-3, C3-4, C4-5 and C5-6 facet joints were selected for IMNS treatment. Under ultrasound guidance, an Ahn's Needle (a specially designed needle for IMNS) was inserted from the midline of the posterior neck and advanced toward a point over the capsule of the facet joints. The needle was moved gently forward and backward within a 1-2 mm range until no resistance was felt at the tip. After undergoing three rounds of IMNS treatment, the dystonic features were grossly normal but spontaneous activities of the muscles innervated by C6 remained. Although we did not demonstrate complete improvement of spasmodic torticollis, our report suggests that IMNS has therapeutic value for spasmodic torticollis.
Chin ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Neck ; Needles ; Physical Examination ; Torticollis ; Zygapophyseal Joint

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of lateral epicondylitis and their relationship with clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The findings of ultrasonographic examinations of eighteen elbow joints in 15 patients [M:F=5:10 ; age:38-65(mean, 47.6) years] with lateral epicondylitis were reviewed. Two patients underwent surgery, two were not treated, and the remaining 11 were treated conservatively. Symptomatic improvement was noted 1 week after conservative treatment in two cases, at 2 weeks in five cases, at 3 weeks in three cases, and at 5 weeks in one case. With patients in the 90 degree flexed elbow position and in a supinated wrist, we examined the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon around the lateral epicondyle using ultrasound equipment with a 7-11-MHz linear transducer. The findings were assessed in terms of swelling of the tendon, changes in its echotexture, the presence of calcification or cystic degeneration, loss of the hypoechoic band between the tendon and bony cortex of the lateral epicondyle, cortical irregularity of the lateral epicondyle, and fluid collection around the tendon. Any relationships between each ultrasonographic finding and the treatment interval after which symptomatic improvement was noted were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 18 joints, change was observed in the echotexture of all ECRB tendons. This included homogeneous hypoechogenicity in two cases, heterogeneous hypoechogenicity in 13, and heterogeneous mixed echogenicity in three. Other ultrasonographic findings were swelling of the tendon in ten cases, loss of the hypoechoic band in 14, cortical irregularity in five, calcification in four, cystic degeneration in nine, and fluid collection around the tendon in four. In patients treated conservatively, there was no statistically significant difference between each ultrasonographic finding and the treament interval after which symptomatic improvement was noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography can be used to assess changes in the ECRB tendon and lateral epicondyle occurring in lateral epicondylitis, but fails to provide information on the rapidity of symptomatic improvement.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Joints ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist

Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder that's characterized by intermittent, involuntary tightening or constriction of the larynx during phonation.This paper describes the case of a 45-yr-old female who suffered from phonation difficulties along with posterior and anterior neck pain.She was diagnosed with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia, which is a chronic disorder involving hyperadduction of the vocal mechanism and a resultant vocal arrest.The neural innervation of the intrinsic laryngeal musculature and the cervical nerves too may well be amenable to intramuscular stimulation therapy.
Constriction ; Dysphonia ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; Neck ; Phonation ; Voice Disorders

Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder that's characterized by intermittent, involuntary tightening or constriction of the larynx during phonation.This paper describes the case of a 45-yr-old female who suffered from phonation difficulties along with posterior and anterior neck pain.She was diagnosed with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia, which is a chronic disorder involving hyperadduction of the vocal mechanism and a resultant vocal arrest.The neural innervation of the intrinsic laryngeal musculature and the cervical nerves too may well be amenable to intramuscular stimulation therapy.
Constriction ; Dysphonia ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; Neck ; Phonation ; Voice Disorders

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the demographics and medical management factors associated with dependence on hypnotics among outpatients with neurological disorders and insomnia. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records of patients who received an initial hypnotic prescription between January 2014 and January 2016 and had later visited a neurological outpatient clinic before January 2018. We assessed patient demographics, the effectiveness of hypnotics, prescription periods, and hypnotic intake methods during the follow-up period. Results: Of 242 patients diagnosed with insomnia, we enrolled 114 patients (more women than men, at 61.4 versus 38.6%) who visited outpatient clinics regularly during the follow-up period. The mean age at onset was 65.8 ± 14.4 years. The most frequent neurological disorder was cerebrovascular disease, followed by neurodegenerative disease. During the 2-year period, 35.9% of participants remained hypnotics-free. Patients on zolpidem showed significantly greater insomnia improvement with hypnotic discontinuation than those on benzodiazepines and combination therapy (p=0.004). However, the type of hypnotics and demographic factors were not found to be independent risk factors. Multivariable analysis showed that longer periods between regular visits and a lower ratio of receiving number of pills to the time interval (days) between regular visits were independent risk factors for dependence on hypnotics. Conclusions: We found that low-dose and/or intermittent intake of hypnotics as well as frequent doctor visits could prevent dependence on hypnotics. It is important to establish the best practical guidelines for medical hypnotics management in outpatient primary care settings, including neurological clinics.

Cardiovascular changes has been reported eating and digestion. Experimental studies showed an early rise in cardiac output during eating which was attributable to an increased heart rate. This changes reverted to baseline valuse at the end of eating. To investigate postprandial cardiac functional change, we studied 20 healthy young men(average age 27 years) nonivasively with BP measurement, electrocardiography and M-mode echocardiohrapy before, 30 minutes and 3 hours after a lunch(600 Kcal). There was no significant changes in mean blood pressure after eating. On echocardiography, diastolic and systolic left ventricular internal dimensions were 4.9+/-0.4 and 3.1+/-0.4cm before meal and 4.9+/-0.4 and 2.9+/-0.3cm 30 minutes after eating. There was an average increase of 9% in cardiac output 30 minutes after meal. Fractional shortening was 36.4+/-6.4% before meal and 40.4+/-6.1(p<0.05) 30 minutes after eating. Ejection fraction changed from 73.5+/-7.9% to 78.2+/-6.3%(p<0.05) at postprandial 30 minutes. Myocardial contractility index assessed by the ratio of systolic BP to end-systolic volume was 4.3+/-1.6mgHg/ml before and 5.3+/-2.2mmHg/ml 30 minutes after eating. Peripheral resistance index as the ratio of mean blood pressure divided by cardiac index changed from 2,536+/-1,120dynesdSdcm-5/m2 to 2,048+/-472dynesdSdcm-5/m2 at postprandial 30 minutes. Electorcardiographic study revealed no changes in ST SE segment, T wave and heart rate after a meal. In conclusion, the increase of cardiac output after a moderate meal in healthy young men was associated with an increase in myocardial contractility and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Digestion ; Eating ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Meals* ; Vascular Resistance