The trends of gastric cancer in Korea are changing, such as an increase of early and minute gastric cancer. The standard treatment of gastric cancer has become more complicated. Endoscopic treatment of gastric cancer is considered to be a useful procedure towards a curative or conservative treatment of early gastric cancer or advanced gastric cancer. Recent advances in endoscopic treatment technique are truly remarkable. The advances allow minimally invasive treatment of diseases that would otherwise require major surgery. New techniques will continue to solve the limitations of endoscopic treatment and their use will also continue to expand accordingly.
Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Inhalation* ; Respiratory Therapy*

Five ten per cent of asthmatics remain symptomatic despite high-dose treatment. Difficult asthma must be distinguished from severe asthma. Difficult asthma was defined as persistence of symptoms despite treatment at step wise recommended. It is then important in patients with suspected difficult asthma to ensure that the diagnosis is correct, and that if the patient has asthma that the attributed symptoms are indeed all genuinely due to the asthma and not to coexisting physical or psychogenic respiratory conditions. It is also important to be alert to recognize both poor perceivers and over-reactors. Asthma may be difficult for the patient, for the clinician or both because of disease factors, doctor or nurse therapist factors, and/or patient factors. Investigation requires access to the full range of respiratory, imaging and allergy tests. There remains a small number of patients with genuine steroid-resistant asthma, brittle asthma and asthma with airway remodeling. The anti-inflammatory effects of GCs are mediated through receptors that modulate inflammatory gene expression. GC resistance results from an interaction between susceptibility genes, the host's environment, and immunologic factors. The management of these patients requires a systematic approach to rule out underlying conditions that lead to GC resistance or treatment failure, as well as the use of alternative strategies to inhibit tissue inflammation.
Airway Remodeling ; Asthma* ; Diagnosis ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunologic Factors ; Inflammation ; Treatment Failure

Ocular infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea produces purulent conjunctivitis, which may lead to ulcerative keratitis and perforation if not promptly treated Most cases occur in neonates and rarely occur in adults. The author experienced a case of gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis which was confirmed by conjunctival exudate smear, culture and biochemical study.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

Nuclear DNA content was measured using a flow cytometric method to analyze 36 paraffin- embedded and 7 fresh tissues of 43 papillary carcinomas of thyroid gland. DNA aneuploidy was found in 3 cases(6.9%) and diploidy in 40 cases(93.1%). But there were no suggestive findings in clinical history, and cytological and morphological features for aneuploidy. In 40 diploid cases, S-phase fraction(SPF) were analyzed with regard to sex, age, tumor size, presence or absence of capsular invasion, lymph node involvement and ground glass nuclei. Among the multiple factors, only the tumor size, especially the larger sized-group(above 2cm in tumor diameter) was found to have a statistically significant higher SPF than the smaller sized-group (p<0.05). And high SPF groups relatively well corresponded to the high risk group. Thirty nine cases of papillary carcinoma have also been evaluated for proliferative activity with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. The average Ki-67 labeling index was 0.36% in total cases, and that of the aneuploid cases was 0.73%, which was higher than that of the diploid cases(0.33%). So. We think that the low aneuploid rate and low Ki-67 labeling index relatively well represent the usual good clinical course of this tumor and the high SPF is a suggestive finding for a high risk group.

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

BACKGROUND: Murine IL-2-induced lymphokine-activated killers can be divided into two mutually exclusive subset:NK1.1'CD8 and NK1.1 CD8+. However, there is a strong evidence that NK cell may belong to T cell lineage. Recently novel lymphocyte subsets, present in the adult murine thymus, CD3+NK1.1'TCRap(TNK) cell is readily identifiable in fresh obtained murine adult CD4 CD8 thymocytes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We sorted out CD4 and CD8 (double negative.' DN) cells and CD8+ cells from murine spleen and cultivated these cells with IL-2. And the surface B220, CD8, NK1. 1 and cytopasmic NK1.1 was analysed simultaneously to see whether these cells can be switched to the other subtype of cells. RESULT: Purified DN cells were switched to several subtype of cells'. CD8'B220+(LAK cells), NK1.1'B220+(LAK cells), CD8 B220, cytoplasmic NK1.1+B220 cells. Purified CD8 cells were switched to CD8+B220' LAK cells and cytoplasmic NK1.1+ CD8+ B220+ and cytoplasmic NK1.1' CD8 B220 cells. In addition, the CD8' cells originated from DN cells do not express the cytoplasmic NK1.1 in contrary to the sorted CD8 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that these will be useful models to investigating CD8 precursor potentials in populations of CD4 CD8 (doble negative) cells and relationship of NK1.1 These results also supports the hypothesis that T cells and NK cells have same ontogeny and CD8 effector functions are potentially diverse and could be exploited by various conditions that switch off host protected cytolytic response. These model offer a way to study the molecular regulation of CD8 gene expression.
Adult ; Cell Lineage ; Cytoplasm ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Interleukins* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

Trichomonas tenax(T. tenax) and Trichomonas hominis (T. hominis) were collected, cultured and sampled for comparative microscopical studies using electron microscope. Both flagellates were oval in shape and surrounded by a distinct outer membrane. Five recurrent flagella and one anterior flagellum had, each, 9 paris of peripheral and 1 pair of central fibrils, Undulating membrane was curved over the recurrent flagella, and bended in the middle at right angles with cell surface. Cytostome, engulfing bacteria, was observed in T. hominis. In the cytoplasm, there were fine dense glycogen particles, and vacuoles containing ingested materials. Dense pigment rods were also observed in both flagellates, but the rods were not distributed around the vacuoles in T. hominis. In T. tenax axostyle appeared as a cup-shaped structure comprising a single row of 41 fibrils, each about 120 a in diameter. It enclosed glycogen particles, and the open side was faced to the nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum was observed around the nucleus, but it was less developed in T. hominis. Nucleus was ovoid having double nuclear membrane, which was clearly defined in T. hominis. Blepharoplast, parabasal body, Golgi appartus and mitochondrion was not observed in both flagellates.
parasitology-protozoa-Trichomonas tenax-Trichomonas hominis ; electron microscopy

OBJECTIVE: Some vaginal procedures may be safer, easier and more successful if they could be done under direct sonographic vision of the object. METHODS: All the procedures were done under the guidance of transrectal sonography. Suction curettage, after using curved plastic Karman's cannula, additional curettage was done only when there was probable remaining conceptal tissue seen on sonography. If additional curettage was needed curved metal cannula made in the same form as plastic Karman's cannula is used first and then usual metal curette if the former did not work. A high frequency cautery unit was used for myolysis. Insertion of the flexible curved cautery tip into the myoma mass was done through the uterine cavity and coagulation of the myoma tissue was performed. Myoma biopsies were done with thin loop high frequency cautery tip through laparoscopy and the vagina. RESULTS: Suction curettage in 156 cases of early pregnancy and 2 cases of previous cesarean incision site pregnancy, D&C in 11 cases, chorionic villus sampling in 13 cases, polypectomy in 1 case, myolysis in 1 case and myoma biopsy in 2 cases were done. CONCLUSION: Performing some vaginal procedures under the guidance of transrectal sonography may be better.
Biopsy ; Catheters ; Cautery ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Curettage ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Female ; Laparoscopy ; Myoma ; Plastics ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography* ; Vacuum Curettage ; Vagina

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans* ; Interleukins*