Cysts of the iris may be primary lesions of either epithelial or stromal in origin, or secondary lesions after trauma or surgery. The stromal cyst is usually of primary lesion, although it could be secondary as shown in our case. We report a case of recurrent iris cyst after trauma. The patient was an 8-year-old girl. She had a penetrating injury of the involved eye three years ago. She had a similar iris cyst removed two years before this surgery. Histologically, the cyst was lined by non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelia and subjacent fibrovascular tissue. Islands of melanin-containing epithelial cells and acellular basophilic degenerating materials were also seen in the lesion. This case represents a stromal epithelial cyst that by history appears to be of post-traumatic etiology.
Cysts

To observe developing process of human fetal skin during intrauterine life, morphological studies in light microscopic level were made based on 27 human embryos and 76 fetuses ranging from 4 to 40 gestation weeks. The fetuses were the products of induced abortion and were found to have no associated diseases of congenital anomalies at the autopsy. Ten different portions of the body were sampled and examined. They were scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, palm, sole, finger and toe. In embryos two different portions; cephalic and caudal portions were examined: The following results were obtained: 1) A single layer of undifferentiated cell was the primitive epidermis at the 4th week and it was followed by two layered epidermis consisting of periderm and primitive basal cell layer. Epidermal ridges started to develop along with primitive eccrine and hair germs as clustering of basal cells at the llth week. Stratum inter-medium was formed at the 12th week, and primitive granular cell layers and keratin formation in association with hair follicles at the 19th week forming earliest adult type epidermis, followed by progressive maturation. 2) The thickness of the fetal epidermis and keratin layer increased as the fetal age approached to the term with its slightly different developmental pattern by the site of body. Cephalic protions developed slightly earlier than the other parts. 3) The developmental pattern of various portions of epidermis could be categorized into three groups; (1) scalp, forehead and face; (2) chest, abdomen and back; (3) palm, sole, finger and toe.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

The present study investigated the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium parvum as a cause of diarrhea. We examined 942 stools of unidentified reasons occurring in patients in whom no immunosuppression had been detected. We examined the stools for Cryptosporidium parvum via modified acid-fast staining. The clinical records of all of the positive patients were then analyzed. Nine (1%) of the stools among the 942 diarrheal patients were positive for C. parvum. The positive rate in the males was 1.1% (6/522) and the positive rate of the females was 0.7% (3/420). Age distribution revealed that the highest positive rates were in patients in their sixties, with a positive rate of 2.5% (4/158). In the clinical tests, levels of c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and neutrophil proportions were normally increased in the peripheral blood, whereas the lymphocyte proportion exhibited a tendency towards decrease. The pathological findings were compatible with an inflammatory reaction in the host.
Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Cryptosporidiosis/*epidemiology/immunology ; *Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification ; Cryptosporidium parvum/isolation & purification ; Diarrhea/*epidemiology/immunology/parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; HIV Seronegativity ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Staining and Labeling

Cutaneous chromomycosis is a slow growing verrucous skin infection caused by five species, identified as Philadophara verruscosa, Fonsecaea dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compactum, Cladosporium, carionii. We report a case of chromomycosis of the skin causing by Cladosporium genus, in view of its rarity and unique light microscopic and ultrastructural features. This 65-year-old female had suffered from eczematous and lichenified skin lesion for the last two years since she burned her dorsum of the left hand by boiling oil. The lesion was slowly progressed, and ended up to the brownish hardening of the skin covered with crusts. Skin punch biopsy was done. Histologically, the sections revealed typical features of chronic granulomatous inflammation along with the heavy infiltration of the lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes. Pseudocarcinomatous downgrowth of the epidermis and microabscesses in the upper dermis were also found. Numerous thick walled fungal organisms were noted within the giant cells and freely in the dermis, which were positive ant PAS stain, and diastase resistant. Thick mucous capsule is not observed. The organisms showed very faint yellowish walls with a few buddings and a few short elongated hyphae were also noted. Ultrastructurally, the fungus wall was multilayered and inner organelles were sparse. There is no evidence of systemic involvement, especially brain.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

The present experimental study was undertaken to observe the chronological change of the worm structure of Clonorchis sinensis and the pathological findings of the liver when this fluke was inoculated to the mouse intraperitoneally. The recovery rate, survival rate, location and size of the inoculated worms as well as the pathological changes of the liver were investigated for the comparison among the groups of mice, classified by number of worms and the duration of experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The recovery and survival rates of the worms decreased especially 28 days after the inoculation. Most of worms (90.l percent) were collected from the peritoneal cavity and some of worms were found tightly adherent to the capsules of the liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and diaphragm. There were no worms recovered penetrated in the parenchymes of these organs. The mean worm size after inoculation was smaller than that before inoculation. At the 10th day after the inoculation, the shrinkage of posterior portion of the worm body was observed. Remarkable atrophy in the reproductive organs of the worm, such as spermatheca, testes, vitelline glands and ovary was frequently observed at the 10th day of inoculation. Histopathologically the liver failed to show any parasitic worm inside the intrahepatic biliary system. However, multiple well formed egg-containing granulomas were present along the liver capsule. These necrotic granulomas were occasionally found under the fibrotic liver capsule. Focal necrosis and focal phlebitis together with vascular dilatation were prominent features seen in the liver. The bile duct in the liver showed mild dilation of the lumen, flattening of epithelial cells and periductal small round cell infiltration. Neither adenomatous hyperplasia nor portal fibrosis was seen in the whole experimental groups. Foci of intralobular micro-granulomas were found in some experimental animals. The worms recovered in the capsule of the liver were degenerated and necrotized. Usually, there were remarkable capsulitis and granuloma formation around the eggs.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; pathology ; liver ; spleen ; stomach ; intestine ; diaphragm ; granuoma ; peritoneal cavity

Neoplasms presenting at birth or within the first month of life are defined as congenital tumors. The principal components of this congenital tumors are neuroblastoma, leukemia, brain tumors and sarcomas. The neuroblastoma is the most common accounting for 15~50% of all tumors in this group. It most often presents with an abdominal mass due to adrenal-retroperitoneal primary or hepatomegaly resulting from extensive metastasis. Most often the primary site is adrenal but other loci include the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, etc. This 2-day-old female presented with hepatomegaly and a left adrenal mass at birth, first detected by ultrasonography. On the first day, she suffered from hematemesis and bradycardia. She died on the second day. Postmortem examination revealed massive metastatic tumor nodules in the liver and a well-demarcated round mass, 4 cm, in the left adrenal, with necrosis and hemorrhage. Microscopic findings revealed largely undifferentiated neuroblastoma with focal neuronal differentiation and areas of necrosis and calcification in the background of fine fibrovascular stroma. Other metastatic foci were detected in the right adrenal and pituitary gland.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma

This study was conducted to illustrate the histological and morphometric features of the sebaceous gland of human fetal skin. For this purpose, we studied 12 human embryos and 60 fetuses from the 4 th to 38 th week of gestation. In each case, we sampled eight different areas of skin, i.e., scalp, forehead, face, chest, abdomen, back, extremity, and palm and sole. Through routine tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin preparations were made for morphology and morphometric analysis. The sebaceous gland anlagen is noted in the face and scalp by the 14th week of gestation, being subsequently generalized in other parts of the body, namely by 16th week of gestation. The lobation of the sebaceous gland subsequently differentiated into multilobular appearance in the face and scalp by the 17th week of gestation and in the chest and abdomen by the 26th week of gestation. The sebaceous ducts were seen by the 21th week of gestation in face and scalp, and in the chest and abdomen by the 27th week of gestation. In morphometric observation, the number and diameter of sebaceous gland were reached its peak during the 21st to 24th week of gestation, and then decreased gradually until it became constant in later days of the gestational period. In general, cephalic portion of the body had more sebaceous glands and also was larger in diameter. This difference became negligible as fetuses reached the term.
Abdomen ; Embryonic Structures ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Extremities ; Fetus ; Forehead ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands* ; Skin ; Thorax

In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Korean strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, an experimental inoculation of T. vaginalis into mouse peritoneal cavity was performed. Fifteen strains of T. vaginalis were selected from 53 infected cases and were cultured axenically in Roiron-Rattner medium at 37C for 48 hours. Each strain, at the dose of 0.5 ml of 1x10(6)/ml trichomonads, was inoculated intraperitoneally to a group of 10 mice, respectively. A total of 15 groups, consisted of 150 mice, were sacrificed on the 8th day of inoculation, and then they were thoroughly examined for the detection of the lesion. The results obtained in present study were summarized as follows: Prior to inoculation, the positive rates in 2 kinds of media cultivating T. vaginalis were compared. In Johnson's CPLM medium, 65 percent of positive rate was obtained, and 94.2 percent of positive rate, the better result, was shown in the culture of Roiron-Rattner medium. Overall death rate of 150 inoculated mice was 7.3 percent (range 0-40 percent), and 7 strains (46.7 percent) out of 15 inoculated strains were proved as fatal strain. The intraperitoneal lesions produced by the inoculation of T. vaginalis were observed in the liver (20 percent), intestinal wall and mesentery (14 percent), peritoneal wall (9.3 percent), wall of the stomach (6.0 percent), and the spleen (5.3 percent) of 150 inoculated mice. Occasionally, the lesions were also found in the pancreas and wall of the urinary bladder. In 11.3 percent of inoculated mice, purulent ascites with living trichomonads could be seen. Thirteen strains (86.7 percent) out of the 15 inoculated strains produced the T. vaginalis-associated pathological lesions. On the histopathological investigation of those lesions, intraperitoneal inoculation was characterzed by a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, i.e., acutely necrotizing process with areas of encircling granuloma formation. Numerous free lying trichomonads were seen along the expanding margin of the lesion. Where there were free trichomonads, the reaction was usually of necrotizing. And these organisms directly eroded the vascular wall and often provoked thrombosis. From the above findings, it is considered that the Korean strains of T. vaginalis are highly pathogenic.
parasitology-protozoa-Trichomonas vaginalis ; pathogenesis ; mouse ; granuloma ; necrosis ; Roiron-Rattner medium ; Johnson's CPLM medium

Recently, various health associations have been attempting to establish separate bills favorable to their societies. A separate bill governing physical therapists was proposed at the 20th National Assembly in May 2019. The Korean Medical Association expressed strong concern about the introduction of the bill, while the Korean Physical Therapy Association welcomed it. Fortunately, the bill is currently pending in the National Assembly. Given the variety of opinions that coexist in the bill, this paper aims to point out the problems of separate bills and to suggest a proper response strategy by the medical community to the bill. First, we look at the original tasks of physical therapists throughout history. Second, we focus on legal problems regarding the physical therapist bill, based on the Constitutional Court's past rulings. Third, we seek response strategies of the medical community. In conclusion, the bill does not reflect the reality of medical care and makes many dangerous public health provisions. The National Assembly should carefully review the bill and listen to the opinions of the medical community.
Humans ; Physical Therapists ; Public Health

Recently, various health associations have been attempting to establish separate bills favorable to their societies. A separate bill governing physical therapists was proposed at the 20th National Assembly in May 2019. The Korean Medical Association expressed strong concern about the introduction of the bill, while the Korean Physical Therapy Association welcomed it. Fortunately, the bill is currently pending in the National Assembly. Given the variety of opinions that coexist in the bill, this paper aims to point out the problems of separate bills and to suggest a proper response strategy by the medical community to the bill. First, we look at the original tasks of physical therapists throughout history. Second, we focus on legal problems regarding the physical therapist bill, based on the Constitutional Court's past rulings. Third, we seek response strategies of the medical community. In conclusion, the bill does not reflect the reality of medical care and makes many dangerous public health provisions. The National Assembly should carefully review the bill and listen to the opinions of the medical community.