No abstract available.
Radiopharmaceuticals*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.

This study was designed to evaluate the results of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions with ligament augmentation device(Kennedy LAD; 3M Co., St. Paul, MN, USA) in chronic injury. Eighteen patients with chronic ACL insufficiency were treated by ACL reconstruction using bone- patellar tendon-bone/LAD composite graft. The patients were followed up more than 5 years and the lat- est follow-up results are presented here. Evaluations were based on the Lysholm functional score, Lachman test and pivot-shift test. Data were analysed using the SPSS software. There were 9 patients(50%) with a Lysholm score more than 84(excellent or good) at latest follow-up. This postoperative improvement of Lysholm score was sta- tistically significant, P=0.001. There was no serious perioperative complications. Rehabilitation was not prolonged. This study demonstrated that a synthetic graft augmentation may improve results. However, no significant advantages have been observed with the use of LAD to augment patellar tendon. The com- parison study of ACL reconstruction with and without Kennedy LAD is recommended to assess the possi- ble effects of the addition of the LAD. And routine use of LAD should not be advocated in uncomplicated reconstruction of ACL using biological graft.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Patellar Ligament* ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament*

No Abstract available.
Consensus* ; Infection Control*

No Abstract available.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Infection Control*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Ulcer*

Local anesthetics produce pain during infiltration into skin. The relationship between local anesthetic-induced pain and pH of the local anesthetic solution has not been fully investigated. Commercial preparation of local anesthetics are prepared as acidic solutions of the salts to promote solubility and stability. And the acidity of local anesthetic solition may be related with the pain during infiltration of the solutione. So, we tried to neutralize the lidocaine hydrochloride solution which is one of the most frequently used local anesthetic agent. Sodium bicarbonate was used for neutralization. Sodium bicarbonate was mixed with lidocaine hydrochloride until the resulting pH of the solution become 7.4 which is identical to the acidity of body fluid. To identify the effect of neutralized lidocaine solution, we had a course of double blind test to 6 volunteers. Both forearm of each volunteer were injected with neutralized lidocaine and plain one and the degree of pain was estimated by each volunteers. According to subjective description by the volinteers, everyone felt neutralized lidocaine injection site was less painful than plain lidocaine. We concluded that we could reduce pain from infiltration of lidocaine hydrochloride by neutralization of the anesthetic solution with sodium bicarbonate.
Anesthetics, Local ; Body Fluids ; Forearm ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lidocaine* ; Salts ; Skin ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Solubility ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Foot*