OBJECTIVE: To determine a guideline on the cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS and to develope the relationship between cervical ASCUS and the eating habits in asymptomatic women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 222 women with a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring either reactive change or squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) were evaluated by repeated Pap smear and colposcopy directed biopsy respectively. At the same time, eating habits of them were obtained by the questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 157 women who had a cervical cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring reactive change, 133 women(84.7%) were normal by repeated smear and/or cervical tissue biopsy. Twenty four(15.3%) of 157 women had squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among the 65 women who had a cervical cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring SIL, 26(40%)were normal by repeated smear and/or cervical tissue biopsy. Thirty nine(60%) of 65 women had SIL. The confirmed SIL group showed the eatig habits of increased intake of processed food(6.67%).The other reactive group was lower(2.56%). CONCLUSION: A cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring reactive change was associated with a very low risk of haboring SIL. But the woman whose initial smear showed ASCUS favoring SIL was associated with a relatively high risk of harboring SIL(p<0.001). Therefore, the woman whose smear showed ASCUS favoring SIL requires further active management even in the presence of a normal repeated pap smear. The ASCUS group favoring SIL showed the habits of increased dietary intake of processed food(P<0.05). Further study with large number of patients seems warranted.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The evaluation of urinary calculi was done in 84 patients of paraplegia and quadriplegia due to traumatic spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed by KUB and intravenous urography at National Veterans Hospital during 6 years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1980. The results were as follows; 1. Overall incidence of urinary calculi was 38.1 %; Incidence of renal calculi was 8.3%, ureteral calculi 4.8%, and urinary bladder claculi 32.1%. 2.Relation of neurological level and incidence of urinary calculi were as follows; Cervical injury in 34.8% upper thoracic injury in 40.0%, lower thoracic injury in 45.0%, and lumbar injury in 36.5%. 3. Laterality was not toplay a role information of urinary claculi. 4. The urinary calculi were developed 62.5% during the first 36 months following spinal cord injury. 5. The recurrence of urinary calculi was 40.6%; True recurrence was 15.6% and pseudo recurrence was 25.05.
Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord ; Thoracic Injuries ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urography

BACKGROUND: It is now well established that hypercholesterolemia is an important cause of coronary heart disease, and clinical intervention studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of correcting hypercholesterolemia. One of lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a) [LP(a)] contains one(or two) molecule of apo(a) linked to apo B100 by a disulphied bridge, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. NIDDM patients have a two-to fourfold increased risk of coronary heart disease relative to nondiabetic subjects. This excess risk is explained only partially by increased levels of standard risk factors. This study was conducted to assess the relatioship between serum Lp(a) levels and coronary heart disease. Furthermore, whether the Lp(a) level was related with NIDDM or not. METHODS: Total 83 subjects undergoing coronary angiography were evaluated on clinical risk factors and lipid profies with Lp(a). Among them, 24 subjects had normal coronary artery, while the others revealed significant stenosis of coronary arteries more than 50%. RESULTS: The serum Lp(a) levels of the CHD group were significantly higher than control group(37.4 +/- 31.8mg/dl vs 22.6 +/- 12.9mg/dl). Other lipids profile were not significantly dfferent between two groups. Serum Lp(a) levels had no relations to fasting blood sugar level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of lipid parameters revealed that cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and Lp(a) were best discriminator among risk factors for coronary heart disease. But in our study, the serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were within normal range. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that Lp(a) level was a significant independent risk factor for coronary heart disease whether there was fasting hyperglycemia or not.
Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Clinical Trial ; Lipoprotein(a)* ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Hemophilia A*

Normally the AC segment of mitral valve echogram consists of a rapid slope, from A peak to C point(complete closure). The initial portion is usually less steep than its final portion ; the latter represents abrupt mitral valve closure secondary to the rapid rise in left ventricular(LV) pressure at the onset of LV systole. The point on the mitral echogram at which closure aburptly accelerates in the B point. In order to see wither or not the echocardiographically recorded mitral valve could reflect alterations in left ventricular pressure, mitral valve echograms and left ventricular pressure were obtained on 30 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The results were as follow : 1) Of 23 patients with LV ejection fraction>55%(71.2%+/-7.9%), 2 had B-bump ; of 7 patients with LV ejection fraction<55%(47.0%+/-4.9%), 5 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between the normal LV ejection fraction and the low LV ejection fraction groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). 2) Of 6 patients with LVEDP>5mmHg (17.7mmHg+/-3.6mmHg), 5 had B-bump ; of 24 patients with LVEDP<15mmHg (8.5mmHg+/-2.6mmHg), 2 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between the normal LVEDP and the elevated LVEDP groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). 3) Of 22 patients with LV ejection fraction>55%(71.2%+/-7.9%), as well as LVDEP<15mmHg(8.5mmHg+/-2.6mmHg), 1 had B-bump ; Of 5 patients with LV ejection fraction<55%(47.0+/-4.9%), as well as LVEDP>15mmHg(17.8mmHg+/-3.6mmHg), 4 had B-bump. The difference in frequency of B-bump between in normal LV ejection fraction, as well as normal LVEDP and the low LV ejection fraction, as well as elevated LVEDP groups was statistically significant(p<0.001). Thus, the mitral B-bump correlated primarily with LV dysfunction. When properly recorded, the presence of a B-bump is a useful sign of significantl LV dysfunction.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Systole ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left* ; Ventricular Pressure

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Love*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As previously reported, unstable angina is usually related to characteristic coronary artery lesion's morphology analyzed by coronary angiogram. This takes the form of an eccentrically placed convex stenosis with a narrow neck due to one or more overhanging edges or irregular, scalloped borders, or both. Although most studies were done for lesions with high degree stenosis(>50%), recent studies emphasized the role of vulnerability of plaque in acute coronary syndrome and even mild degree stenotic lesions may progress rapidly to evoke acute coronary syndrome. Therefore in this study, we analyzed the morphological characteristics of coronary artery lesions with mild degree stenosis as well as severe stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 96 patients with angina pectoris (42 of stable patients and 54 of unstable patients) who underwent coronary angiography. Each lesions with 25% or greater diameter stenosis were categorized into simple and complex lesion(convex intraluminal obstruction with a narrow neck or irregular borders, diffuse irregularities, ulceration, thrombus). Calcification of coronary artery, extents of lesions were analyzed and stenosis grade and location were categorized by AHA classification. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the stable angina and unstable angina in risk factors and vessel involvement, numbers of lesions, calcification and total obstruction. In morphologic analysis, complex lesions were more frequent in unstable angina than stable angina (49% vs 33%, p<0.05). The mean of percent diameter stenosis was not signigicantly different between two groups, but severe stenotic lesions with 90% or more stenosis were more frequent in unstable angina (34% vs 22%, p<0.05). Locations of involved vessels were similar between the angina groups. Complex lesions were distributed more frequent in RCA and simple lesions were more in LAD and LCX (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The lesions with both complex morphology and severe degree stenosis are closely implicated in unstable angina.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Angina Pectoris ; Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable* ; Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Neck ; Pectinidae ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors. So it is generally thought to be a predictor of complication and prognosis of hypertension. The 24-hour noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABP) has been shown to be superior to office BP inpredicting target organ involvement in patients with hypertension and assessing antihypertensivve therapy. To determine the correlation between blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with newly diaggnosed systemic hypertension, we evaluate blood pressure by 24-hour ABP, office BP and echocardiiographic parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS: From january 1995 to September 1995, in 22 patients with untreated essential hypertension who were diagnosed recently (within 1 month). They were studied by 24-hour noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cross sectional, M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography for examining the relation between ABP and echocardiographic parameters. In the present study, we divided the oatuebts by two groups; white-coat hypertensive group and sustained hypertensive group. RESULTS: 1) Among the 22 patients who were diagnosed by office blood pressure, the white-coat hypertension was in 7 cases (31.8%) and sustained hypertension was 15 cases (68.2%). 2) In sustained hypertensive group, LV mass, LV mass index and relative posterior septal wall thickness were significantly increased compared with white-cost hypertensive group. 3) 24-hour ABP and systolic BP and loading % were significantly correlated with relative posterior septal wall thickness (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (especially with sustained hypertension), there was left ventricular hypertrophy expressed by increasing of LV mass, LV mass index, and relative posterior septal wall thickness. And, there were close correlation between 24-hour ABP monitoring-especially systolic BP and loading % of systolic BP and LVH.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Invasion of enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella and invasive E. coli, into intestinal epithelial cells induces proinflammatory gene responses and finally epithelial cell apoptosis. In this study, we asked whether invasive bacterial infection of human intestinal epithelial cells could upregulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and whether increased COX-2 expression could influence intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Expression of COX-2 mRNA and prostaglandin (PG) E production were upregulated in HT-29 colon epithelial cells which were infected with S. dublin or invasive E. coli, as examined by quantitative RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay. Inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production using NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, showed a significant increase af epithelial cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in HT-29 cells infected with invasive bacteria. However, the addition of valerylsalicylate, a specific COX-1 inhibitor, did not change apoptosis in S. dublin-infected HT-29 cells. These results suggest that upregulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in response to invasive bacterial infection could contribute to host defense by inhibiting apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.
Apoptosis* ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections* ; Caspase 3 ; Colon ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Radioimmunoassay ; RNA, Messenger ; Salmonella