No abstract available.
Constipation*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Ear* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: If two or more doctors prescribe for one patient, each doctor must be careful to minimize the number of drugs and the frequency of admistration, and also be careful to avoid duplicating drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of prescription for the patient who visits two or more doctors. METHODS: In a tertiary hospital, outpatients who received prescriptions simultaneously from two or more doctors were selected, and the number of drugs, the frequency of admistration and duplication of drugs were evaluated. RESULTS: The number of eligible patients was 887. The number of drugs was 5.2 for patients who visited 2 doctors, and 8.1 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 13% of patients who visited 2 doctors received more than 8 drugs, and 32.6% of patients who visited 3 doctors received more than 10 drugs. The frequency of administration per day was 3.7 for patients who visited 2 doctors, and 5.0 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 12% of patients who visited 2 doctors had to take drug more than 6 times a day and 9.3% of patients who visited 3 doctors had to take drug more than 8 times a day. 9.2% of total patients received duplicated drugs. The duplication of drugs was more frequent among patients who visited 2 doctors than who visited 3 doctors. CONCLUSIONS: For the patients who visited two or more doctors, the number of drugs and frequency of admistration was inappropriate and duplication of drugs was found, therefore the doctors should make more efforts to avoid inappropriate prescription.
Drug Prescriptions* ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing ; Outpatients ; Prescriptions ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

This study aimed to differentiate gastric mucosal lesions such as the inflammatory gastric mucosa, gastric dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, using the CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen), AgNORS(Nucleolar organizer regions) and PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) stains. The tissue samples were taken from 30 cases of inflammatory gastric mucosa (19 gastritis and 11 regenerative hyperplasia), 28 cases of gastric dysplasia (9 mild dysplasia, 10 moderate dysplasia and 9 severe dysplasia) and 21 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. The CEA was expressed in 16 of 21 adenocarcinomas(76%), but in neither inflammatory nor dysplastic gastric mucosae. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus was 1.54 in inflammatory gastric mucosa, 1.80 in gastric dysplasia, and 1.88 in adenocarcinoma. The number of AgNORs was increased in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma compared to the inflammatory gastric mucosa without statistical significance. The percentage of the PCN A positive cells was 35.2% in inflammatory gastric mucosa, 44.1 % in gastric dysplasia, and 69.0% in gastric adenocarcinoma. The positivity of the PCNA was significantly increased in adenocarcinoma compared to the inflammatory gastric mucosa and dysplasia. In conclusion, the frequency of the CEA positive staining was increased in the gastric adenocarcinoma, and so CEA stain will be able to provide an additive method for the differential diagnosis between severe dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Jaw*

No abstract available.
Jaw*

Authors had studied 107 patients treated for the various complaints including the neurological complications of cervical spondylosis by conservative and/or surgical means. 79 men and 28 women, with an average age of 51–60 years and an average duration of symptom of one year, had been followed up for 6 months to 3 years. 51 patients had articular type of pain, 56 radicular type, and 32 had a mixed picture. None was incapacitated. Radiological level of spondylosis were localized between C3 to T3 but mostly in C5 to C6. No traction spur was found in the presence of segmental instability. All had extensive conservative treatment. Four patients had operative treatment. No subjective improvement was obtained by conservative treatment in 27 of 56 radicular type of pain, one of four surgically treated patients. Material benefit was obtained in three of four surgically treated patients. Anterier interbody fusion is considered rather easy one than foraminotomy for the surgeon trained in the surgery of the tuberculous spine, and best procedure to give early segmental stability of the diseased segment of the spine and to relieve pain localized to the segment and neurological complications.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Foraminotomy ; Humans ; Male ; Spine ; Spondylosis ; Traction

Seventy consecutive ipsilateral fracture of the femur and tibia in sixty-eight patients from December 1974 through December 1984 treated at Severance Hospital were analysed in clinical and radiological aspect. 1. Fifty-nine patients were male and nine patients were female. The male patients were more injured in the ratio of 6: 1. The avarage age was 34. 2. The main cause of injuries were traffic accidents; 59 patients. (86.8%). 3. The majority of the fractures were shaft fracture; for example, femur shaft 57% and tibia shaft 47%, The open fracture of the tibia was 34% and the femur was 17%. 4. There were 24 cases of concomitant fracture and dislocation of other sites. A fat embolism was disgnosed in 4% of the patients. Four patients had died one month after sustaining injuries. 5. Over-all, a good or excellent functional result was achieved in 76% of the patients treated with internal fixation of both fracture, 65% of the patients with intexnal fixation for the femur fracture only and 35% of the patients managed conservatively.
Accidents, Traffic ; Dislocations ; Embolism, Fat ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Male ; Tibia

The head patient with musculoskeletal trauma is a challenge to the orthopedic surgeon and its incidence is increasing markedly with the development of modern culture and a high velocity motor vehicle. So, for the purpose of studying the difference between lower extremity fracture concomitant with head injury and only lower extremity fractured patients, we studied the radiologic bone union time, serologic test and heterotopic ossification. For the control group we analysed each 10 patients of only femur and tibia fractures. The following clinical results were obtained by analysis of 46 patients of lower extremity fracture concomitant with head injury, experienced in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine in past 5 years from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1984. 1. The mean age was 24.5 yrs old (2~6 yrs old) and the prevalent age was 1st and 3rd decade, and the sex ratio between males and females was 2.8: l. 2. The most common mode of injury was auto-pedestrian injury (84.8%) and the other was falling down injury(15.2%) . 3. The common brain injuries were cetebral contusion with skull fracture (37.0%) and cerebral contusion only(34.8%) . Among 26 patients whos mental states were not alert, 23 patients recovered mental states completely. 4. Serum Calcium, Phosphate, and Alkaline Phosphatase level were no difference between the head injury with lower extremity fractured patients and only lower extremity fractured patients. 5. There were no evidence of early bony union in the patients with head injury. 6. The formation of callus were abundant in the patients of lower extremity fracture with head injury rather than the only lower extremity fractured patients. 7. The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 10.9% and all patients with heterotopic ossification were treated with physiotherapy and all patients recovered fully. 8. The incidence of complication was 17.3% and there was no fat embolic patients. In conclusion, there was no evidence of early bony union, but the callus formation was abundant in the patients of lower extremity fracture concomitant with head injury.
Accidental Falls ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bony Callus ; Brain Injuries ; Calcium ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Female ; Femur ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Orthopedics ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Serologic Tests ; Sex Ratio ; Skull Fractures ; Tibia