To evaluate the effect of shortening the latent period for distraction osteogenesis, the authors experimented with distraction osteogenesis for a 24-hour latent period in the mandibles of rabbits. This study was carried out on 32 New Zealand white rabbits, each weighting 2000 to 2500 gm. Twenty animals were used for the control group and 12 for the experimental group. A unilateral external fixation device was applied to the left mandible. The mandibles were lengthened at 1 mm per 24 hours for 10 days. Five rabbits from the control group and three from the experimental group by random selection were sacrificed on the first day, and at the second, fourth and eighth week of the consolidation period. After lengthening bone densities at the site of the left mandibular bony lengthening were measured by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). As a result, the DXA value showed no difference compared to the control group after two week's consolidation. The trabeculae were thicker and had begun to be surrounded by lamellar bone both in the control and experimental groups histologically. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the osteogenetic effect in the experimental group was nearly the same as in the control group. If stable fixation and minimal periosteal dissection were performed during the procedure, the latent period would not be an important factor in distraction osteogenesis of membranous bone.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; External Fixators ; Mandible* ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Rabbits*

Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the stomach have been stressed as precursors of gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type, although their preneoplastic nature is still debated. In this study, the cytomorphometric and cytokinetic spectra of the suggested preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the stomach were investigated. From the resected stomachs of early gastric carcinoma of intestinal type, areas of normal, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma were selected. They were immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, counterstained with propidium iodide, and various nuclear parameters were measured by image analysis. Normal and intestinal metaplastic mucosae differed by the localization of proliferation zone, but not by nuclear profile area, circular shape factor, and proliferation index. In dysplasia, proliferation zone covered large parts of the dysplastic area. Nuclear profile area and proliferation index were larger whereas circular shape factor was smaller than in normal or intestinal metaplasia. Carcinomatous lesion had diffuse proliferation activity, the largest nuclear profile area and proliferating index, and circular shape factor in-between those of normal or intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. The above results showed a structural spectrum among normal of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma of intestinal type in cytomorphometric and cytokinetic terms. The structural spectrum raises the possibility that dysplasia of the stomach is a preneoplastic lesion.

Recently, a method of fabricating an esthetic anterior fixed prosthesis by integrating data such as three-dimensional facial scan and jaw motion to form a virtual patient with dynamic occlusion has been introduced. This enables smooth communication with patients during the diagnosis process, improves the predictability of esthetic prosthetic treatment, and lowers the possibility of occlusal adjustment. In this case report, a virtual patient with dynamic occlusion was created in which the results of the treatment were simulated, and esthetic maxillary anterior fixed prosthesis was fabricated. With the aid of the virtual patient, the final restorations were satisfactory both in terms of esthetic and function.

PURPOSE: Differentiated thyroid cancer is known to be one of cancers which have a favorable prognosis and long-term survival resulting from slow growth of tumor and late distant metastasis. Patients are nearly cured of thyroid cancer after first operation. But, some of those have high risk factors of recurrence. Practically it has been reported that 20% of those have recurrence of cancer and 50~60% of patients died of recurrence. We analyzed factors involving to recurrence after initial treatment, frequency and site of recurrence, disease-free interval, and results of treatment. Based on this information, we investigated therapeutics to decrease the rate of recurrence and prognostic factors to expect death. METHODS: 1803 patients were primarily operated for thyroid cancer in Kyungpook National University Hospital between 1985 and 2003. Among the cases, we reviewed the clinical records of 124 patients (6.9%) who had recurrent thyroid cancer. We analyzed the difference in frequency of recurrence on the basis of sex, age, histologic types, risk groups, and lymph node metastases when they had a first operation. The correlation between these factors and mortality rate was analyzed statistically by using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test. RESULTS: Post-operative recurrence of thyroid cancer was highly observed in over 40 years old at first operation (8.4% vs. 4.9%), men (17.1% vs. 3.9%). Similarly, in the case of medullary or poorly-differentiated thyroid cancers, the groups of patients with high-risk (12.3% vs. 3.9%) or with lymph node metastases (13.5% vs. 3.7%) have high frequency of recurrence. Among the 124 patients, 53.3% cases have regional recurrence sites and 20.1% have local, 17.7% distant metastases, and 1.6% combined locoregional. The number of patients who died of recurrent cancer was 32 of 124 cases. Major cause of the death was distant metastases. In the case of 104 patients who had recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer, significant prognostic indicators of low survival rates are age greater than 45 years, neck dissection at second operation and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: In order to decrease the rate of local and regional recurrence in thyroid cancer, we conclude that complete resections of thyroid tissue and cervical lymph nodes have to be operated specially in the group with high-risk. Although adjacent organs are infiltrated, active treatment should be carried out. The treatment of most medullary or poorly-differentiated thyroid cancers which result in the death of distant metastases still remains to be studied.
Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors* ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the significant prognostic factors in terms of age, rupture side (lateral or medial), existence of associated lesion, length and zone-that affect clinical healing after meniscal repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 55 patients who had been observed at least for 18 months after meniscal repair. Healing was decided based on the patients'clinical symptoms, and analyses were made according to clinical data. RESULTS: The clinical healing rate of meniscal repairs was found to be 82% (45 patients), and was higher in ruptures accompanied by anterior cruciate ligament injury than meniscus rupture alone, when the length of the meniscal rupture was less than 2 cm. Age and rupture side (lateral or medial, peripheral or central) had no significant effect upon clinical healing. CONCLUSION: The length of meniscal rupture and meniscal rupture associated with ACL were found to be infinately correlated with good prognosis, but age, site, and zone of meniscal rupture probably do not affect prognosis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Rupture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors related to the development of new fractures in adjacent vertebrae after vertebroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 46 patients in whom 296 patients were performed during last 9 years. We were especially concerned with the restoration rate of vertebral height and kyphotic angle and estimated them on simple X-ray films. RESULTS: In patients experienced subsequent vertebral fractures and no subsequent vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty, the mean height restoration rate of treated vertebra were 16.7% and 7.07%, and the kyphotic angle difference were 2.53 degree and 4.2 degree. The greater degree of height restoration of the vertebral body, especially in middle vertebral height and the lesser degree of kyphotic angle difference increased the risk of adjacent vertebral fracture risk. This results were available statistically (all p<0.05, Logistic regression test, SPSS 13.0). CONCLUSION: It may be thought that the vertebral body height restoration rate will become risk factor of adjacent vertebral fractures.
Body Height ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Risk Factors* ; Spine* ; Vertebroplasty* ; X-Ray Film

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of lateral epicondylitis and their relationship with clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The findings of ultrasonographic examinations of eighteen elbow joints in 15 patients [M:F=5:10 ; age:38-65(mean, 47.6) years] with lateral epicondylitis were reviewed. Two patients underwent surgery, two were not treated, and the remaining 11 were treated conservatively. Symptomatic improvement was noted 1 week after conservative treatment in two cases, at 2 weeks in five cases, at 3 weeks in three cases, and at 5 weeks in one case. With patients in the 90 degree flexed elbow position and in a supinated wrist, we examined the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon around the lateral epicondyle using ultrasound equipment with a 7-11-MHz linear transducer. The findings were assessed in terms of swelling of the tendon, changes in its echotexture, the presence of calcification or cystic degeneration, loss of the hypoechoic band between the tendon and bony cortex of the lateral epicondyle, cortical irregularity of the lateral epicondyle, and fluid collection around the tendon. Any relationships between each ultrasonographic finding and the treatment interval after which symptomatic improvement was noted were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 18 joints, change was observed in the echotexture of all ECRB tendons. This included homogeneous hypoechogenicity in two cases, heterogeneous hypoechogenicity in 13, and heterogeneous mixed echogenicity in three. Other ultrasonographic findings were swelling of the tendon in ten cases, loss of the hypoechoic band in 14, cortical irregularity in five, calcification in four, cystic degeneration in nine, and fluid collection around the tendon in four. In patients treated conservatively, there was no statistically significant difference between each ultrasonographic finding and the treament interval after which symptomatic improvement was noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography can be used to assess changes in the ECRB tendon and lateral epicondyle occurring in lateral epicondylitis, but fails to provide information on the rapidity of symptomatic improvement.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Joints ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist

The present study was performed to evaluate histomorphological difference in various surface-treated implants in beagle. Implants(Implantium(R), Dentium Co. Korea) with pure titanium machined surface, acid treated surface, and Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid treated surface were used in this study. All mandibular premolars of 1.5~2 year old male beagle dogs were extracted. At 3 months after extraction, the implants(phi 4mm, l6mm) were installed. The beagle were sacrificed at 1, 3 months after installation and then tissues including implants were prepared for non-decalcified specimens. These specimens were analyzed comparatively under light microscope. The results of this study were as follow 1. Higher rate of osseointegration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid-treated surface. 2. Increased osseointegration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acidtreated surface with time. 3. Higher maturation of integration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid-treated surface. In conclusion, surface treatment of Al2O3blasted with acid might be considered to shorten healing time and improve success rate as increasing contact of implant and bone.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Dogs ; Humans ; Male ; Osseointegration* ; Titanium

Intussusception is an interesting condition and is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in the infant. We experienced a case of neonatal intussusception in a two-day-old male. The patient developed bloody stool, without a history of vomiting-after passing meconium, on the second day of life. Diagnosis of ileo-cecal type intussusception, which was induced by congenital polyp, was confirmed by exploratory laparatomy performed on the 4th day of life. The polyp was found at the proximal portion of the ileum, 45 cm from the ileo-cecal valve. In Korea a 40 day old patient was the youngest previously reported. We have presented this case with a review of the literature.
Human ; Ileum* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology* ; Intestinal Polyps/complications ; Intestinal Polyps/congenital* ; Intussusception/etiology* ; Male

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide and in Korea as well. Dyslipidemia is considered as a major and modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. In Korea, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in people aged 30 years or older was 47.8% in 2013, with prevalence increasing as age increases. Men had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than women (men, 57.6%; women, 38.3%). However, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in women increased rapidly after menopause. Furthermore, dyslipidemia is also rising in childhood and adolescents. The prevalence of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were higher than hyper-LDL cholesterolemia. However, hyper-LDL cholesterolemia also has been increasing due to the westernized diet and other lifestyle changes. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is the combination of these lipoprotein abnormalities, seems to be increasing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in obese people, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, which included dyslipidemia as a component of abnormalities, also increased in accordance with dyslipidemia. Also, dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes increased from 27.8% in 2006 to 49.5% in 2013. The awareness and treatment rate of dyslipidemia were lower in comparison with other chronic diseases. By providing information about the risk of dyslipidemia, primary prevention such as weight loss, dietary treatment, and quit smoking and secondary prevention such as early detection and drug treatment are required for reducing the development of cardiovascular disease.
Adolescent ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chronic Disease ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Menopause ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weight Loss