No abstract available.

Most of the former Korean medical terminologies consist of terms based on Chinese characters. The fourth edition of the Korean medical terminology was published in February 2001. Many terms originating from the native Korean language appear in this new edition. The background and process of publishment of this fourth edition are herein presented.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Anal Canal* ; Cadaver* ; Humans ; Rectum*

Few morphometric data on the thickness and the inclination of vertebral lamina are found with its frequent involvement in many surgical procedures. The thickness in the middle of right vertebral lamina and the angle between the superior border of lamina and sagittal plane were measured in 90 dried vertebral columns. 1. The laminae of the cervical vertebrae were generally thin and they became gradually thicker down to the lumbar vertebrae. The lamina of the fifth lumbar vertebra was the thickest (9.4mm) and that of the fifth cervical was the thinnest (2.9mm). The thickest lamina appeared in second cervical, twelfth thoracic and fourth lumbar vertebrae in 71%, 44% and 36%, respectively. 2. The angles between superior border of long axes of the laminae and the sagittal plane were the widest in thoracic vertebrae, and narrower in lumbar, the narrowest in cervical vertebrae. The angle of eithth thoracic was the widest (59.8°) and that of the fifth lumbar was the narrowest (48.6°). Widest angle of lamina appeared in seventh cervical, sixth thoracic and fifh lumbar vertebra in 27%, 20% and 48%, respectively. 3. No significant differences were found in the thicknesses and the angles of inclination of vertebral laminae between males and females.
Adult* ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Spine ; Thoracic Vertebrae

The composition and the structure of the sacrum present the sexual and the racial difference. The variation of the structure is meaningful in the administration of caudal anesthesia which used one of the safest and the most valuable means of local anesthesia. In this study, a morphological investigation of the sacrum in Korean adults was done using 145 dry sacral bones. Non-metrical morphological variations were observed and ten measurements were undertaken. The results of the study were as follows. 1. The five segmented sacrum appeared most commonly (62.1%). Six segmented sacrum appeared 37.2% and the incidence tended to increse according to the age. Four segmented sacrum was noted in one case (0.7%). 2. In 9.7%, deficiences existed in the upper dorsal wall of the sacral canal. In 5.5%, deficiences existed in the middle of the dorsal wall of the sacral canal. 3. The apex of the sacral hiatus was found mostly (28.9%) at the upper third of the body of fifth sacral vertebra. 4. The sacral hiatus was classified into five groups by shape with triangular being the most frequent. 5. There was a significant sexual difference in the antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the first sacral vertebral body, the length of the sacrum, and the length of the sacral hiatus. 6. The average sacral index I was 98.2 in male, and 104.4 in female. Sacral index I was the relationship between the greaster breath to the length of the sacrum. 7. The average sacral index II was 46.6 in male, and 44.8 in female. Sacral index II was the relationship between the first sacral body diameter to the greaster breath of the sacrum. A thorough knowledge of the anatomical features of the dorsum of the sacrum including above results will lead to the decrease in the number of failures in administration of caudal anesthesia.
Adult* ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Anesthesia, Local ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sacrum* ; Spine

A morphometric study on the trigeminal ganglion and the intracranial portion of the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves was done in 50 Korean adult cadavers. The shape of the ganglion was classified into 7 types and semicircular shape was most common (54%). Mean width of the trigeminal root at porus trieminus was 6.08mm. The length of the trigemnal root from porus to the trigeminal ganglion was 8.28mm at ophthalmic portion, 10.16mm at maxillary portion, and 8.90mm at mendibular portion. Maximum width of the ganglion was 15.48mm and the breadth of the ophthalmic, and maxillary portion were 5.25mm and 5.26mm, respectively, and that of the mandibular portion (4.92mm) was narrow than the other portion. Intracranial ophthalmic nerve was 4.30mm of width and 17.89mm of length, and this nerve inclined average 39.7。 (range 14.56。) from sagital plane. It was observed infrequently that the cavernous sinus extended to the lateral border of the maxillary nervw and the emissary sinus ran under the mandibular nerve.
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Cavernous Sinus ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Ophthalmic Nerve ; Trigeminal Ganglion*

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Korea*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the features of pulmonary lobes and fissure in Korean and to compare with the previous results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRCT scans of 82 healthy Korean adults, performed with scan interval of 1.5/2.0 cm, were reviewed. RESULTS: Located mostly on inner aspect, incidences of incomplete oblique and horizontal fissure were 60% (Rt 48%, Lt 39%) and 51% respectively, lower than 70--80% and 60--75% of western studies. Superolateral oblique fissure, inferior accessory fissure, left horizontal fissure and other accessory fissure were shown in 1%, 13%, 7%, and 8% respectively. Lower lobe upper part faced laterally (Rt 91%, Lt 82%) while lower part faced medially (Rt 61%, Lt 79%). Right middle lobe ws highest posteromedially (49%) and was convex (97%). CONCLUSION: Features of pulmonary lobes and fissure in Korean were similar to the results of previous reports but with lower incidence of variation.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence