The papA gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains was characterized by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)- PCR. One hundred four E. coli strains from patients with urinary tract infections and 32 strains from healthy persons were examined. Thirty seven (27.2%) strains (33 from patients, 4 from healthy persons) in the 136 E. coli strains were positive in mannose resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) test. The adherence of MRHA positive strains to HEp-2 cells was greater than those of MRHA negative isolates (p<0.001). PapA-PCR were positive in 25% (26/104) of the strains from patients, and 3.1% (1/32) of the strains from healthy persons. Among 27 papA-positive isolates, subtypes were identified by RFLP as 8 (29.6%) F7z, 3 (11.1%) F9, 4 (14.8%) F12, and 4 (14.8%) F13. Six groups with novel RFLP patterns were detected, also. The subtypes of P-fimbriae was highly similar to each other by ERIC-PCR.
Consensus ; Hemagglutination ; Humans ; Mannose ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

Granuloma is a chronic inflammatory process associated with non-infectious agents or infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. It is well known that AFB staining, which has been used to determine the etiology of the granulomatous inflammation, lacks both sensitivity and specificity. Due to the slow growth rate of most pathogenic mycobacteria, culturing of organisms can take up to eight weeks. It is not uncommon for specific therapy to be delayed, or for an inappropriate treatment be given to patients without mycobacterial infections or with infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. Determination of the causative agent in Papanicolaou stained cytology specimens gives pathologists even more difficulties when only necrotic material has been aspirated from the center of the granuloma. In recent years, the use of a polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of DNA has appeared promising in terms of speed, efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. Since a polymerase chain reaction permits the sensitive genetic analysis of small amounts of tissue, it is ideally suited to the genetic analysis of cytologic specimens. A polymerase chain reaction is easily performed on unfixed and unstained cells, however, an analysis of ethanol fixed and Papanicolaou-stained archival smears has also been described. We have recently established a method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism by a nested polymerase chain reaction with primers in the insertion sequence IS 6110, using cellular digests of ethanol-fixed and Papanicolaou-stained archival specimens aspirated from the lymph nodes, lungs, thyroid, etc. Inhibitors present in Papanicolaou stained material was removed by destaining the slides with 0.5% HCl solution for 10-30 minutes. Eight out of ten cases which have shown the epithelioid granulomas revealed a positive reaction and four out of ten cases which have shown lymphohistiocytic cells in a necrotic background without any evidence of granuloma revealed a positive reaction. This study showed that it was possible to employ a polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Papanicolaou stained archival cytology specimens.
Communicable Diseases ; DNA* ; Ethanol ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to develop a food safety education program for school foodservice employees and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Food safety education programs were made into two levels; one for new employees in school foodservice and another for employees in charge of Critical Control Point (CCP) monitoring. The programs were for 40-minute-long lecture using PowerPoint. The effectiveness of these programs were assessed based on eleven evaluation items by school foodservice dieticians (n=30) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) specialist (n=13). All statistical analyses are conducted by SPSS package program (ver 20.0). RESULTS: According to the results of evaluating the food safety education program by dietitian and HACCP specialist, the overall satisfaction score was 4.14, evaluated by 5 point scale. There were no significant difference in results of evaluation between dieticians and HACCP specialists. The score of 'it is helpful to work' and 'pictures, images and charts are pertinent to study' were higher than others while the score of 'education contents is pleasant and interesting' and 'screen is pleasant and interesting' were the lowest among all evaluation items. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the school foodservice quality, employees should be offered regular food safety education and training through effective education media including prerequisite program and HACCP manual for school foodservice.
Education* ; Food Safety* ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Humans ; Nutritionists ; Specialization

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the therapeutic effect of orbital reconstruction by transcaruncular approach on old medial orbital wall fracture. METHODS: We performed retrospective study on 23 eyes of 23 patients, who underwent orbital reconstruction with transcaruncular approach over six weeks after injury from July 1999 to August 2001. RESULTS: Nineteen cases had enophthalmos, preoperatively; five cases; 2 mm, seven cases; 3 mm, six cases; 4 mm, and one case; 5 mm, respectively. Postoperatively, we obtained enophthalmos less than 1 mm in 17 cases(89%). The exophthalmometry revealed that enophthalmos improved from 3.2+/-0.9 mm, preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.7 mm, postoperatively. Twelve cases had diplopia on the primary and downgaze, preoperatively. However, ten cases of them(83%) disappeared diplopia, postoperatively. Of the remaining two cases, one had persistent diplopia on the downgaze and the other had paralytic strabismus. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the medial orbital wall repair through transcaruncular approach was a good way to correct enophthalmos and diplopia on old medial orbital wall fracture.
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

BACKGROUND: One of the factors that affect the anesthetic risk is preoperative status especially in geriatric patients. So we studied about followings; 1) Can we use APACHE scoring index when we assess the physical status of geriatric patients preoperatively? 2) Is it meaningful in saying the risk of anesthesia? 3) Which one is more significant in predicting the morbidity and mortality: acute physiologic status vs chronic health status? METHOD: Preoperative status of the geriatric patients (above 65 years old), who were received operation from June 1994 to March 1996 at Hanil General Hospital, were assessed by APACHE scoring index and ASA classification. Age, sex, type of operation, emergency or elective, method of anesthesia, duration of procedure, APACHE scoring index, ASA classification, perioperative complication, postoperative complication is coded by grading or type. RESULT: Perioperative complication was showed statistically significant with acute physiologic score (APS) and duration of procedure. Postoperative complication was showed statistically significant with APACHE score or ASA class. Total complication was affected by duration of procedure and APS score. There was also correlation between ASA class and total complication. Among 265 cases, 1 case expired during operation and 7 cases expired after operation. Causes of postoperative death were pneumonia, hemorrhagic shock etc. CONCLUSION: In geriatric patients, 1) APACHE scoring index is available for preoperative assessment. 2) APACHE scoring index is meaningful in predicting the risk of anesthesia. 3) Perioperative complication was more correlated with acute physiologic status than chronic health evaluation.
Anesthesia ; APACHE* ; Classification ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Shock, Hemorrhagic

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the changes of body temperature and to identify the factors related to changes during surgery in burned patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 439 adult burned patients who had a surgery under general anesthesia at the Burn Center of a university hospital. RESULTS: After surgery, body temperature of the burned patients declined from 36.6℃ to 35.2℃; 52.2% were hypothermia. There were significant differences in the changes of body temperature according to the participants' characteristics including American society of anesthesiologists physical status, type of burn injury, total burn surface area, range of exposure, operation time, anesthesia time, amount of fluid, blood transfusion, use of tourniquet, and the method of warming therapy. Factors that influence the temperature changes were total burn surface area (β=0.26), operation time (β=0.25), amount of fluid (0.20), and warming therapy including ‘Room temperature setting + Heated circuit + Hot line’(β=0.09) and ‘Room temperature setting+one of others’(β=0.08). CONCLUSION: Burned patients experienced a decrease of their body temperature during surgery despite of warming therapy. A nursing protocol is needed to provide an appropriate warming therapy based on their characteristics in burned patients.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Transfusion ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Incidence* ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Nursing Assessment ; Retrospective Studies ; Tourniquets

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. METHODS: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.

Male breast cancer is very rare, with the incidence of 0.15-1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of all cancers in men. The prognosis of male breast cancer is poorer than that of female because the median age of detection of the disease is in more late stage. It usually involves higher axillary lymph nodes. We report two cases of male breast cancer to describe characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic findings and to compare with the findings of gynecomastia.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms, Male* ; Female ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Male* ; Prognosis