The papA gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains was characterized by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)- PCR. One hundred four E. coli strains from patients with urinary tract infections and 32 strains from healthy persons were examined. Thirty seven (27.2%) strains (33 from patients, 4 from healthy persons) in the 136 E. coli strains were positive in mannose resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) test. The adherence of MRHA positive strains to HEp-2 cells was greater than those of MRHA negative isolates (p<0.001). PapA-PCR were positive in 25% (26/104) of the strains from patients, and 3.1% (1/32) of the strains from healthy persons. Among 27 papA-positive isolates, subtypes were identified by RFLP as 8 (29.6%) F7z, 3 (11.1%) F9, 4 (14.8%) F12, and 4 (14.8%) F13. Six groups with novel RFLP patterns were detected, also. The subtypes of P-fimbriae was highly similar to each other by ERIC-PCR.
Consensus ; Hemagglutination ; Humans ; Mannose ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the changes of body temperature and to identify the factors related to changes during surgery in burned patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 439 adult burned patients who had a surgery under general anesthesia at the Burn Center of a university hospital. RESULTS: After surgery, body temperature of the burned patients declined from 36.6℃ to 35.2℃; 52.2% were hypothermia. There were significant differences in the changes of body temperature according to the participants' characteristics including American society of anesthesiologists physical status, type of burn injury, total burn surface area, range of exposure, operation time, anesthesia time, amount of fluid, blood transfusion, use of tourniquet, and the method of warming therapy. Factors that influence the temperature changes were total burn surface area (β=0.26), operation time (β=0.25), amount of fluid (0.20), and warming therapy including ‘Room temperature setting + Heated circuit + Hot line’(β=0.09) and ‘Room temperature setting+one of others’(β=0.08). CONCLUSION: Burned patients experienced a decrease of their body temperature during surgery despite of warming therapy. A nursing protocol is needed to provide an appropriate warming therapy based on their characteristics in burned patients.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Transfusion ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Incidence* ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Nursing Assessment ; Retrospective Studies ; Tourniquets

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. METHODS: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Congenital lingual cyst is rare and there has been no prior case report about prenatally detected lingual cyst in Korea. When a huge oral cyst is observed at prenatal period and can cause life-threatening airway obstruction at birth, ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is needed to secure the airway. Herein we present a baby with a prenatally detected huge oral cyst. He was delivered safely assisting EXIT procedure and underwent an operation for resection of the cyst from his tongue. The oral cyst was diagnosed as a lingual cyst with rare histologic type consisting mixed gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelium.
Airway Obstruction ; Korea ; Mouth ; Parturition ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Tongue

BACKGROUND: One of the factors that affect the anesthetic risk is preoperative status especially in geriatric patients. So we studied about followings; 1) Can we use APACHE scoring index when we assess the physical status of geriatric patients preoperatively? 2) Is it meaningful in saying the risk of anesthesia? 3) Which one is more significant in predicting the morbidity and mortality: acute physiologic status vs chronic health status? METHOD: Preoperative status of the geriatric patients (above 65 years old), who were received operation from June 1994 to March 1996 at Hanil General Hospital, were assessed by APACHE scoring index and ASA classification. Age, sex, type of operation, emergency or elective, method of anesthesia, duration of procedure, APACHE scoring index, ASA classification, perioperative complication, postoperative complication is coded by grading or type. RESULT: Perioperative complication was showed statistically significant with acute physiologic score (APS) and duration of procedure. Postoperative complication was showed statistically significant with APACHE score or ASA class. Total complication was affected by duration of procedure and APS score. There was also correlation between ASA class and total complication. Among 265 cases, 1 case expired during operation and 7 cases expired after operation. Causes of postoperative death were pneumonia, hemorrhagic shock etc. CONCLUSION: In geriatric patients, 1) APACHE scoring index is available for preoperative assessment. 2) APACHE scoring index is meaningful in predicting the risk of anesthesia. 3) Perioperative complication was more correlated with acute physiologic status than chronic health evaluation.
Anesthesia ; APACHE* ; Classification ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Shock, Hemorrhagic

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to develop a food safety education program for school foodservice employees and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Food safety education programs were made into two levels; one for new employees in school foodservice and another for employees in charge of Critical Control Point (CCP) monitoring. The programs were for 40-minute-long lecture using PowerPoint. The effectiveness of these programs were assessed based on eleven evaluation items by school foodservice dieticians (n=30) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) specialist (n=13). All statistical analyses are conducted by SPSS package program (ver 20.0). RESULTS: According to the results of evaluating the food safety education program by dietitian and HACCP specialist, the overall satisfaction score was 4.14, evaluated by 5 point scale. There were no significant difference in results of evaluation between dieticians and HACCP specialists. The score of 'it is helpful to work' and 'pictures, images and charts are pertinent to study' were higher than others while the score of 'education contents is pleasant and interesting' and 'screen is pleasant and interesting' were the lowest among all evaluation items. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the school foodservice quality, employees should be offered regular food safety education and training through effective education media including prerequisite program and HACCP manual for school foodservice.
Education* ; Food Safety* ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Humans ; Nutritionists ; Specialization

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID) was searched in order to identify all relevant disease-specific, population-specific, and domain-specific QOL instruments. Titles and abstracts of 27 articles related to QOL research conducted by Korean researchers were retrieved from MEDLINE and RICH database. These articles were comprehensively reviewed to analyse the cross cultural adaptation, validation and other aspects of application of Korean version of QOL measures. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 27 disease-specific and domain-specific articles, of which 22 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 5 in medical and public health journals 2. Search for QOLID resulted in 92 specific QOL measures. Thirty-six instruments of which 31 were disease-specific measures, 2 symptom-specific, 2 population-specific, and 1 domain-specific, were translated into Korean language among them. Four Korean version of specific QOL measures were used in articles in MEDLINE. They were Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). An article using Korean version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is in press. 3. The Korean validated instruments published at international academic articles were HAQ, WOMAC, CHAQ, and CHQ. 4. The Korean version of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia (FACTT), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT- F), Functional Assessment of Spiritual Wellbeing (FACT-Sp), and FACT-Anemia are going on Korean validation and data collection under the author contact and permission. 5. Twenty six studies out of 27 Korean articles reported the use of 16 kinds of Western instrument. There were some flaws such as omission of validation steps, deletion of items, arbitrary change of response scale, and absence of cultural adaptation and conceptual consideration in those articles. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes disease-specific instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Arthritis ; Child ; Child Health ; Chronic Disease ; Data Collection ; Fibromyalgia ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Ontario ; Parkinson Disease ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical, nursing and public health academy articles on health-related quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for wide use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: A comprehensive review of 116 Korean articles from www.richis.org was conducted. A review of the application, Korean validation, and publishment of Western quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. and Medline was conducted in the 116 Korean academic articles. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 116 articles, of which 81 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 35 in medical and public health journals 2. The 4 generic instruments were developed in Korea (1 for middle-aged adult in Seoul, 1 for geriatrics, Korean Quality of Life Scale, Catholic Medical Center Health Survey). The instrument for Korean middle-aged adult was used in 50 Korean articles, but the deletion of items and domains, and change of response scales without conceptual considerations showed. 3. The Korean articles used Western Instruments were 43, of which 13 used generic instruments, 24 used disease-specific, and 2 used domain-specific instruments. 4. The translated instruments in Korean were 4 instruments of COOP-chart, Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index-Generic version (QLI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12-Items Short Form (SF-12), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Items Short Form (SF-36) among 33 kinds of quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. There was no evidence of publishment internationally on Medline searching. The Korean version of Euro-Qol (EQ-5D) instrument is going on the publishment. 5. Thirteen studies out of 116 Korean articles reported the use of Western Instrument including QLI, WHQOL, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), COOP-C, COOP-WONCA, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and SF-36 among 33 generic quality of life instruments in Korean academic articles. The ommission of international validation step, deletion of items and domains, change of response scales without cultural adaptation and conceptual considerations showed in Korean studies used Western instruments. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Adult ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

Male breast cancer is very rare, with the incidence of 0.15-1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of all cancers in men. The prognosis of male breast cancer is poorer than that of female because the median age of detection of the disease is in more late stage. It usually involves higher axillary lymph nodes. We report two cases of male breast cancer to describe characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic findings and to compare with the findings of gynecomastia.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms, Male* ; Female ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Male* ; Prognosis