We studied the contents of referral sheets of the patients transferred to DMC Emergency Center from Jan 1, 1999 to Jan 31, 1999. The study far the completion and chief complaints in the referral sheets shows the followings. 1. Examining the referral sheets status of disease, name and age record of 5 major items grade 0.92, the highest point, examining item and laboratorial record grade 0.72, dignosis record grades 0.38, and patients condition and diagnosis opinion record grade 0.10. 2, Name and age item had high completion score in referral sheets from local clinic and hospital for secondary referral level. For address item, however, local clinic scored 0.63 and hospital for secondary referral level scored 0.28, which showed statistically significant difference(P<0.001). 3. In the aspect of severity, name and age record leveled 0.94 to the non emergency patient, 0.92 to the emergency patient, 0.91 urgent patient, showed and no statistic significant difference. 4. The major 10 symptoms of the complaints were these the pain of abdomen and pelvis(25.2%), somnolence and stupor, coma(13.6%), headache(10.9%), and open wound of head(4.0%), ranked 10th common symptom level.
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation* ; Stupor ; Wounds and Injuries

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign bone tumors usually involving extraarticular metaphysis of long bone. Solitary intra-articular osteochondroma arising from the elbow joint has rarely been reported. We present a case of 23-year-old female who had pain and limited motion of the left elbow as a result of intraarticular osteochondroma of the distal humerus. Arthroscopic excision of the osteochondroma yielded complete relief of symptoms. Absence of recurrence was confirmed radiographically at two years after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of osteochondroma of the elbow successfully treated arthroscopically.
Arthroscopy ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteochondroma* ; Recurrence ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Drug Therapy* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Drug Therapy* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

This study examined burdens of primary family carcgivcrs of paticnto with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) along with related factors. In addition, their needs for support group intervention were assessed to develop a support group to reduce the burdens of caregiving. Eighty-one primary family caregivers of patients with CVAs at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study . The patients with CVAs aged from 26 to 83 years with mean age of 63 years. About 90% of the patients had some paralysis and 56.6% suffered speech problems. Fifty-eight percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 80.2% were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally devel oped by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Geust(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financiaI burden. The results were as follows : 1. The average of burden score was 91.7, indicating moderate to severe level of burden. The time-dependent burden was scored highest followed by physical, developmental, social, financial, and emotional burdens. 2. of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, and severity of the disease were found to be associated with the level of burden. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, age and educational level were significantly related to the level of burden. Time of care since the CVA and the quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver prior to the stroke were significant situational factors affecting the level of burden. 3. The need for support group intervention for the caregivero was very high (95.1%). The earcgivcrs of patients who had a CVA for the first time showed higher levels of need compared to those of patients who had a CVA more than once. The caregivers indicated a support group held once a month near home or hospital would be welcomed. In addition, they replied that a group composed of 9 to 10 caregivers and guided by health care professionals (e.g., physicians and nurses) would be most desirable. More than 85% of the earegivers identified the areas that they wanted intervention in as follows : knowledge, skills, and resources to care for a patient with a CVA. the counsel of health care professionals, share of their experiences with those who have similar situations, stress management skills, and methods to overcome emotional isolation due to the great responsibility for a patient. Given the results, support group is expected to be an effective way to reduce the burdens of primary family caregivers of patients with CVAs. As a follow up It is necessary to examine the effect of support group intervention on the patient's recovery and rehabilitation.
Caregivers* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Self-Help Groups* ; Seoul ; Spouses ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Ectropion*

The majority of the radiologically detected solitary pulmonary nodules are benign, although relatively infrequent malignant nodules always make problems. Regarding the high prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in this country, it could be assumed that a large number of the benign pulmonary nodules are tuberculomas. There have been various attempts with CT in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules. Most of them were focused on the nodule itself, however. We evaluated not only the character of the nodules bus also the parenchymal changes around the nodules to find evidences of associated pulmonary tuberculosis by using highresolution CT. We analyzed 35 benign solitary pulmonary nodules which are less than 4cm in size. Three or 5 high-resolution CT images were obtained in additon to the conventional CT images. Most of the nodules were located at the periphery of lung. Most of the nodules were proved to betuberculomas or presumed to be tuberculomas (n=32). The mean diameter of the nodules was 22mm. Most of the nodules were well-marginated. We observed a lobulated margin in 16 tuberculomas and a finely spiculated margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one hamartoma. the findings of parenchymal tuberculosis such as interlobular septal thickening, small centrilobular micronodules, and lobular overinflation were identified in 12, 6 and 12 cases of tuberculomas respectively. The changes of juxtanodular lung parenchyma as well as the character of nodule itself were well demonstrated on high-resolution CT. which is valuabel I the evaluation of the equivocal solitary pulomnary nodules. Evidences of pulmonary tuberculosis around the nodule would be the secondary sign of benignancy.
Hamartoma ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The majority of the radiologically detected solitary pulmonary nodules are benign, although relatively infrequent malignant nodules always make problems. Regarding the high prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in this country, it could be assumed that a large number of the benign pulmonary nodules are tuberculomas. There have been various attempts with CT in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules. Most of them were focused on the nodule itself, however. We evaluated not only the character of the nodules bus also the parenchymal changes around the nodules to find evidences of associated pulmonary tuberculosis by using highresolution CT. We analyzed 35 benign solitary pulmonary nodules which are less than 4cm in size. Three or 5 high-resolution CT images were obtained in additon to the conventional CT images. Most of the nodules were located at the periphery of lung. Most of the nodules were proved to betuberculomas or presumed to be tuberculomas (n=32). The mean diameter of the nodules was 22mm. Most of the nodules were well-marginated. We observed a lobulated margin in 16 tuberculomas and a finely spiculated margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one hamartoma. the findings of parenchymal tuberculosis such as interlobular septal thickening, small centrilobular micronodules, and lobular overinflation were identified in 12, 6 and 12 cases of tuberculomas respectively. The changes of juxtanodular lung parenchyma as well as the character of nodule itself were well demonstrated on high-resolution CT. which is valuabel I the evaluation of the equivocal solitary pulomnary nodules. Evidences of pulmonary tuberculosis around the nodule would be the secondary sign of benignancy.
Hamartoma ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a rare ovarian neoplasm which usually occurs in two forms. In patients associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, the tumors are usually small, bilateral or multifocal, and show benign clinical course. However, tumors from patients without the syndrome are often large, usually unilateral, and rarely show malignant behavior. Serous surface papillary carcinoma (SSPC) is an aggressive neoplasm which involves peritoneal linings, including ovarian surface. Recently, we encountered a case of an unusual combination of SCTAT and SSPC in the ovary of a 55-year-old Korean woman presented with abdominal distention for one year. Systemic review and physical examination were within normal limit, except for abdominal discomfort and distention. There was no stigmata of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in all diagnostic examinations, including gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Pelvic computed tomography showed adnexal mass with multiple peritoneal nodules. Exploration revealed uterine and ovarian surfaces covered with multiple, yellow-white papillary nodules. However, the sizes of both ovaries were within normal limit. Typical serous papillary carcinomas were identified in nodules from peritoneum and ovarian surfaces. Well-circumscribed columnar epithelial cell nests composed of ring-shaped tubules encircling hyalinized basement membrane-like materials were found in the ovary away from serous surface papillary carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Christianity ; Colonoscopy ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Peritoneum ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Physical Examination

Xanthelasma palpebrum is the most common type of xanthoma that develops mainly on the inner epicanthus of upper eyelids with symmetrical distribution. The lesion tends to be permanent, progressive and cosmetically disfiguring. The recommended treatment has been surgical excision, local treatment with chemicals, and carbon dioxide laser. All of the mentioned treatment have some disadvantages including scarring, pigmentary change and need for local anesthesia. We describe the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrum with the pulsed dye laser which coagulates the hyperpermeable vessels so that the lipid leakage could be blocked and prevent recurrence and further progression.
Anesthesia, Local ; Cicatrix ; Eyelids ; Lasers, Dye* ; Lasers, Gas ; Recurrence ; Xanthomatosis