An experimental study on cystitis glandularis induced by vesico-rectal fistula formation in rabbit was performed, to analyze relationship between histopathologic complexity of cystitis glandularis 3rd various forms of chronic proliferative cystitis, and to evaluate the possibility that contiguous endovesical growth of intestinal mucosa through fistulous tract may partly participate in the pathogenesis of cystitis glandularis. Followings were the results: 1) Various types and stages of chronic proliferative cystitis including cystitis glandularis were de. monstrable. 2) 51.5% of animals disclosed cystitis glandularis, of both intestinal and subtrigonal types with increasing frequency and severity roughly parallel to experimental duration. Minimum requirement of duration for development was approximately 3 months. 3) Among the cases with cystitis glandularis, intestinal type comprised 52. 9% mainly affecting trigonal regions, whereas subtrigonal type of 17.6% was encountered in the bladder neck. Rest of cases interpreted as mixed type, containing both intestinal and subtrigonal varieties. 4) More than two third of cases with cystitis glandularis accompanied nests of von Brunn, cystitis cystica, squamous metaplasia and small proportion of cystitis follicularis and bullosa, with indications of development of glandular structures followed by chronic non-specific cystitis, formation of von Brunn's cell nests with central liquefaction and glandular metaplasia in order of sequence. 5) Unusually high incidence of intestinal type of cystitis glandularis in the trigonal regions could partly be explained by endocystic contiguous extension or ectopic proliferation of intestinal glands through the fistulous tract. From the above experimental design, cystitis glandularis may develop not only following consequent metaplastic mechanism but also secondary to intravesical extension of colonic mucosa through the fistulous tract. None of cases showed invasive neoplastic growth, though cellular atypism was encountered only in three instances.
Animals ; Colon ; Cystitis* ; Fistula* ; Incidence ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Metaplasia ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Research Design ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

Three hormonal systems show decreasing circulating hormone concentrations during normal aging : (1) estrogen(in menopause), and testosterone (in andropause), (2) dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (in adrenopause), and (3) the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis (in somatopause). Throughout the adult life, all physiological functions gradually decline. There is a diminishing capacity for cellular protein synthesis, an decline in immune function, an increase in fat mass, a loss of muscle mass and strength, and a decrease in bone mineral density. Physical changes during aging have been considered physiologic, but there is evidence that some of these changes are related to the decline in the hormonal activity. Various hormonal replacement strategies have been developed, but many of their aspects remain controversial, and increased blood hormone levels in aging individuals to those found during the mid-adult life have not been uniformly proven to be safe and of benefit.
Adult ; Aging* ; Bone Density ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Menopause ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Sleep Apnea Syndromes* ; Snoring*

Influenza is a disease known to continue to afflict a large number f people and cause many deaths throughout the world. Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza that cause epidemic human disease. The influenza illness is characterized by the abrupt onset of fever, myalgia, headache, and sore throat. Amantadine and rimantadine have been used to treatment and prophylaxis of influenza, but these agents can only reduce symptomatic illness due to influenza A virus and are ineffective against influenza B virus. Inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase constitute a new class of anti-influenza agents that reduce replication of influenza A and influenza B. Vaccination against influenza virus is the primary strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza.
Amantadine ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Mortality ; Myalgia ; Neuraminidase ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pharyngitis ; Rimantadine ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy & safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, to improve serum lipid profiles in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and six patients from 21 hospitals, all with total cholesterol level over 240 mg/dl and triglyceride level below 400 mg/dl were enrolled in the study. Following diet therapy for 2 weeks, atorvastatin 10 mg was taken for 6 weeks if the total cholesterol level remained higher than 240 mg/dl. The percent change of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol from baseline to 6 weeks of treatment were evaluated. Patients were monitored for safety through careful history talking, physical examination, serum sampling for liver and muscle enzyme. RESULTS: 1) The study was completed in a total of 166 patients. The mean age of patients the was 58 1/2 years and the percent of male and female patients was 37%, 37% and 63%, respectively. 2) The baseline mean values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol following diet therapy for 2 weeks were 280+/-34 mg/dl, 172+/-77 mg/dl, 190+/-35 mg/dl, 56+/-13 mg/dl, respectively. 3) After 6 weeks treatment, the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol were 195+/-34 mg/d, 150+/-67 mg/dl, 110+/-33 mg/dl, 55+/-12 mg/dl, respectively, and the rates of change were -30%, -7%, -42%, -0.2%, respectively. 4) The level of LDL-cholesterol at the end of treatment was below 100 mg/dl in 44%, 100-130 mg/dl in 33%, 130-160 mg/dl in 14%, over 160 mg/dl in 9% of patients. 5) 77% of total patients achieved the target goal of LDL cholesterol (below 130 mg/dl) according to the NCEP guideline. 6) The reduction rate of LDL-cholesterol was different among the patients. At the end of treatment, the patients with initial LDL-cholesterol below 100 mg/dl achieved a higher reduction rate (52%) as compared with those patient's inithal LDL-cholesterol level were higher. 7) There are was only 1 patient (0.6%) who showed 3 times a three-fold increase of liver enzyme and no patient showed an increase of creatine kinase. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin is effective and safe in improving the lipid profiles in of patients with hypercholesterolemia without serious side effects. (Korean Circulation J 2001;31 (4):434-441)
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Creatine Kinase ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Liver ; Male ; Oxidoreductases ; Physical Examination ; Triglycerides ; Atorvastatin Calcium

The purpose of this study was to investigate degree of the health promoting behavior and self-esteem of nursing college students, and to ide tify the relationship between self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. The sample consisted of 122 college nursing students and 100 university nursing student The instruments for this study were structured questionnaire which included health promoting behavior practice level(60 items), self-esteem(10), sociodemographic characteristics (10). Data were collected from September 14 to September 28, 1998 and analyzed by SAS rogram t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regreacion. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The results of the comparison between the two groups were not significantly different for self-esteem and health promoting behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. The average score for the health promoting behavior was high 162.5(total 240). and self-esteem was high, too 30.5(total 40). In the subcategories the highest practice level was "personal hygiene(3.30)", and the lowest level was "health management(1.57)". 2. Health promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-esteem(r = .4970, p= .0001). 3. Self-esteem was the main factor predicting health promoting behavior and accounted for 24. 69% among variance. 4. There was a statistically significant the difference on health promoting behavior according to "personality"(t=2.58, p=.0l06), "residence pattern"(F=2.90, p=.0360) and on self-esteem according to "religion"(t=-2.20, p=.0291) and, "personality"(t = 4.40, p= .0001). In conclusion, there was not a significant difference between those of college nursing students and university nursing students on self-esteem and the health promoting behavior. Self-esteem correlated with health promoting behavior positively, and was identified to be an important variable that contributed to health promoting behavior.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant*

December 19, 1995 is the 80th anniversary of Alois Alzheimer's death. Recently, dementing illness including Alzheimer's disease has become the center of public interest in Korea. However, there are not much information about him or historical background of Alzheimer's disease. It is even misunderstanding. It seems to be meaningful to introduce the lifetime of the Alois Alzheimer and the historical background of Alzheimer's disease, especially in the anniversary of his death.