Fractures at the lateral end of the clavicle inevitably require surgical treatment as there is high potential for delayed union or nonunion. Acromioclavicular dislocation also requires stable and solid fixation for healing, and surgical treatment is recommended for the maintenance of joint function. The hook plate maintains the biomechanics of the acromioclavicular joint, enabling early range of motion. Therefore, for the past 10 years, the hook plate has been widely used in distal clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular joint injuries. However, the hook plate is associated with several complications, such as proximal clavicle fractures, widening of the hook hole, rotator cuff tear, subacromial impingement, and often acromial fractures. We report on two unusual cases of acromion fracture after hook plate fixation in patients with distal clavicle fracture and acromioclavicular dislocation alongside a literature review.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Acromion* ; Clavicle* ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Joints ; Osteolysis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff ; Tears

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Regardless of any restoration, most of case, we used in screw connection between abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare surface of coated/plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate physical property of coated/plated material after scratch test in FESEM investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GoldTite, titanium screw provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screw by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screw, titanium screw by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) - were selected for this study. Each abutment screw surface was observed at 100 times, and then screw crest, root, and slope were done more detailed numerical value, at 1000 times with FESEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, micro-diamond scratch the surface of head region was made at constant load and then was observed central region and periphery of fine trace through 1000 times with FESEM. RESULTS: The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other kinds of screw and had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw. The scratch test also showed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in screw coated with teflon. Titanium screw had a rough surface and low ductility. CONCLUSION: It was recommended that the clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening.
Alloys ; Head ; Needles ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Titanium

Fatal complications including cerebral edema and neurologic collapse occur during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). A 6-week-old female infant with fever, dehydration and drowsy mental status was diagnosed as DKA and neurologically deteriorated during treatment. The cranial computed tomography scan revealed multifocal brain infarctions of the left caudate nucleus, bilateral frontal periventricular white matter, and right parietal cortex. A moderate amount of hemorrhage was also noted in both lateral ventricles. She recovered rapidly with supportive treatment over time. The clinical course and radiologic findings of this patient emphasize the importance of brain infarction as a cause of persistent neurologic loss in children with DKA.
Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabeprazole

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen. However, dose-dependent parasite infiltration, apoptosis, body weight alternations and survival in mice remain largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10, 30 or 100 tachyzoites of T. gondii, respectively. Parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 9 post-infection by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Significantly higher levels of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were found in 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice on days 7 and 9 post-infection. Although 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice showed significant body weight loss compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice, all of the 100, 30, and 10 tachyzoites infected mice died by days 12, 15, and 17, each respectively. Interestingly, T. gondii infiltration in 10 tachyzoites infected mice were limited to capsule area of the spleen on day 9 post-infection. Several areas of parasite infiltrations were found in the 30 tachyzoites infected mice, where noticeable levels of splenic capsule de-adhesion occurred. These results indicated that parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen, as well as body weight loss (survival) are closely correlated with infection dosage. The level of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen and splenic de-adhesion were dependent on the parasite dose.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Body Weight ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Parasites ; Spleen ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis

Fractures at the lateral end of the clavicle inevitably require surgical treatment as there is high potential for delayed union or nonunion. Acromioclavicular dislocation also requires stable and solid fixation for healing, and surgical treatment is recommended for the maintenance of joint function. The hook plate maintains the biomechanics of the acromioclavicular joint, enabling early range of motion. Therefore, for the past 10 years, the hook plate has been widely used in distal clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular joint injuries. However, the hook plate is associated with several complications, such as proximal clavicle fractures, widening of the hook hole, rotator cuff tear, subacromial impingement, and often acromial fractures. We report on two unusual cases of acromion fracture after hook plate fixation in patients with distal clavicle fracture and acromioclavicular dislocation alongside a literature review.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Acromion ; Clavicle ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Joints ; Osteolysis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff ; Tears

BACKGROUND: Although human parasitic infestations have decreased generally in Korea, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Cysticercus and Sparganum are still a serious concern due to their relatively high prevalence and severe complications. A definitive diagnosis, however cumbersome and occasionally invasive, is required in order to detect adult worms, eggs, or cysts. The parasite-specific IgG antibody (PSA) test using the ELISA method has been recently developed to diagnose and monitor the infestations of those four parasites. We analysed PSA positive patients for Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Cysticercus and Sparganum. METHODS: The serum samples referred to the Neodin Medical Institute for PSA were tested by the ELISA method using crude extracts of C. sinensis, P. westermani, Sparganum and cystic fluid of Cysticercus. The PSA results during the 7-month period from January to July 2001 were retrospectively analysed. The medical records of the patients at Asan Medical Center (AMC) with positive PSA were reviewed with stool examinations for parasites, skin tests for C. sinensis and P. west-ermani, radiological findings and antiparasitic management. RESULTS: A total of 865 specimens were tested for PSA and 84 samples (9.7%) of 76 patients were positive; C. sinensis, Cysticercus, Sparganum, and P. westermani were positive in 26 patients (3.0%), 26 (3.0%), 14 (1.6%) and 10 (1.2%), respectively. 26 specimens from 18 AMC patients were positive for one or more PSA; 6 Cysticercus. 4 C. sinensis, 5 Sparganum and 3 P. westermani. All PSA-positive cases for Cysticercus, C. sinensis and P. westermani were compatible with the clinical diagnosis; however, it was difficult to elucidate in the clinical correlation of 3 out of 5 Sparganum-positive cases. CONCLUSION: Cysticercus, C. sinensis and P. westermani are currently prevalent in Korea. Positive PSA ELISA tests for Cysticercus, C. sinensis and P. westermani are reliable indicators in diagnosing present infestations among the clinically suspected patients.
Adult ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Clonorchis sinensis* ; Complex Mixtures ; Cysticercus* ; Diagnosis ; Eggs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Ovum ; Paragonimus westermani* ; Parasites ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Tests ; Sparganum*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There have been previous studies about considerable variations in machining accuracy and consistency in the implant-abutment-screw interfaces. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the machining accuracy and consistency of implant/abutment/screw combinations on two randomly selected implants from each of four manufactures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, screws were respectively used to secure a cemented abutment to a hexlock implant fixture; teflon coated titanium alloy screw(Torq-Tite) and titanium alloy screw in Steri-Oss system, gold-plated gold-palladium alloy screw(Gold-Tite) and titanium alloy screw in 3i system, gold screw and titanium screw in AVANA Dental Implant system, and titanium screws in Paragon System. The implants were perpendicularly mounted in polymethyl methacrylate autopolymerizing acrylic resin block(Orthodontic resin, Densply International Inc. USA) by use of dental surveyer. Each abutment screw was secured to the implant with recommended torque value using a digital torque controller. Each screw was again tightened after 10minutes. All samples were cross sectioned with grinder-polisher unit(Omnilap 2000 SBT Inc) after embeded in liquid unsaturated polyester (Epovia, Cray Valley Inc). RESULTS: There were the largest gaps in the neck areas of screws in hexagonal extension implants which were examined in this study. The leading edge of the abutment screw thread (superior surface) was in contact with the implant body thread, and the majority of the contacting surfaces were localized to the middle portion of the mating threads. Considerable variation in the contacting surfaces was noted in the samples evaluated. Amounts of contact in the abutment screw thread were larger for assemblies with Gold-Tite screw, gold alloy screw, Torq-Tite screw than those with titanium screws. The findings of intimate contact between the screw and screw seat were seen in all samples, regardless of manufacturers. However, microgap between the head and lateral neck surface of the screw and the abutment could be dectected in all samples. The findings of intimate contact between the platform of the implant and the bottom of the abutment were consistent in all samples, regardless of manufacturers. However, microgaps between the lateral surface of external hex of the fixture and the abutment could be dectected in all samples. CONCLUSION: Considerable variations in machining accuracy and consistency were noted in the samples and the implant-abutment-screw interfaces were incomplete. From the results of this study, further development of the system will be required, including improvements in pattern design.

Yakovlev demonstrated that the Schizencephalies appear to result from injury to developing cerebral vesicles in the second month of intrauterine life. There is a total loss of neurons in restricted symmetrical zones of each developing hemisphere and on either side of the resulting cleft-shaped defects are evidences of subtotal injury to developing neuroblasts. A case of a 4 years old male with Schizencephaly is reported.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Neurons

BACKGROUND: The expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family has not been fully investigated in colorectal carcinomas. This study investigated IAP expression in colorectal carcinomas and assessed their prognostic significance. METHODS: Livin, XIAP, and SMAC/DIABLO expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 159 colorectal carcinomas. Correlations between protein expression and clinicopathological features were evaluated. The survival data analysis was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Increased expression of IAPs in cancer tissues compared to surrounding nonneoplastic counterparts was observed in 67 cases (42.1%) for Livin, 50 cases (31.4%) for XIAP, and 68 cases (42.8%) for SMAC. A significant correlation was found between Livin expression and tumor differentiation, and SMAC expression and tumor location. The recurrence-free and overall survival of patients with low Livin expression were inferior to those of patients with high Livin expression (p=0.054 and 0.095, respectively). High XIAP expression was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (p= 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that altered expression of IAP family members, including Livin, XIAP, and SMAC, is frequent in colorectal carcinoma. This result suggests that high Livin expression and low XIAP expression may be a favorable prognostic implication related to patient survival.
Apoptosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Statistics as Topic ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*