To search biologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma, one of the most common cancer in Korea, the author examined the alterations in DNA level and the expression of Ha-ras gene and c-myc gene in 20 primary tumors. Amplification of c-Ha-ras DNA was detected in 4(40%) of 10 patients who showed histologic subtype of relatively differentiated adenocarcinoma, but rearrangement of c-Ha-ras DNA was absent. Neither augumentation nor deletion of the c-myc DNA was observed. Higher expression of the ras p21 in tumor cells was noted in more differentiated tumor cells rather than poorly differentiated cases. One mucinous carcinoma, two signet ring cell carcinomas and one papillary carcinoma did not disclose expression of p21. The expressions of c-myc oncogene product were variable and were not correspond to the expressions of ras p21. A tendency that poorly differentiated tumor cells had higher expression of c-myc oncogene was suggested.

We measured the bone ingrowth rate on 22 retrieved human cementless porous coated acetabular cups by the help of computer graphics. All the acetabular cups had functioned well, and had had evidence of radiologic bony ingrowth before revising the acetabular cup. The reason for retrieval of the acetabular cups were: one with habitual dislocation, who with stem loosening, and 19 with polyethylene cup wearing. The period from initial surgery to retrieval surgery was 28 months to 108 months(average 56.1 months). All the retrieved porous coated acetabular cups showed macroscophic bony ingrowth, and the ratio of the whole porous surface to bony ingrowth area was showed 1.14% to 92.27% (average 36%).
Acetabulum ; Computer Graphics ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Polyethylene

This study was attempted mainly to estimate the frequency of ichthyoses and its genetic characteristics among general population in Chonnam Province. One hundredand thirtyone subjects heing comprised of 121 with ichthyosis vulgaris, 6 with X-linked recessive ichthyosis and 4 with lamellar ichthyosis visited the department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Hospital from 1971 through 1980. All except 7 patients had visited the hospital with chief complaints of a skin problem other than ichthyoses itself. The frequency of ichthyosis vulgaris seems to be somewhere between, 1/300 and 1/400. 86% were found to either be sporadic cases or come from families from which not enough information was obtained to define a mode of inheritance. The fact that 43% of the sibling of affected patients developed ichthyosis vulgaris points out that it is a highly penetrant autosomal dominant, disease. Skipped generation was observed in 2 families, and gonadal mosaicism in 1 family. Atopic diseaaes were found only in 12.0% of cnses of ichthyosis vulgaris. The disease appeared in 81% of cases before 1 year af age. The skin lesions of ichthyoses were developed on the lower limhs, back, upper limbs, abdomen and scalp in the order of frequency.
Abdomen ; Dermatology ; Gonads ; Humans ; Ichthyosis Vulgaris ; Ichthyosis* ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar ; Jeollanam-do ; Mosaicism ; Scalp ; Siblings ; Skin ; Upper Extremity ; Wills

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare entity characterized by metaplastic cartilage formation within the synovial connective tissue and the shedding of loose bodies into the joint. Of the four cases of synovial chondromatosis, experienced by authors, three involved the knee joint and one the proxiaml phalanx of the left index finger. A huge chondroma was found in the knee joint of 2 years old boy and the other one in the proximal phalanx of the left index of 11 years old girl. Histological findings disclosed the metaplastic transformation of synovium into cartilage in all cases.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Synovial Membrane

As an alternative to group psychotherapy, worked out by Dr. Moreno, the psychodrama is being carried on mainly for a large group of inpatients at 40-50% of the country's psychiatric and training hospitals. The authors have developed a Korean psychodrama model for a group mental health having following characteristics:(1) a one-time treatment, (2) open-group therapy, and (3) structured, large group approach. Korean psychodrama model was proved to be a low cost, highly effective approach in that patients could be dealt with en masse to quite a satisfactory degree: at the same time Korean psychodrama model is easily accessible for any psychiatric doctor or trainee in dealing with a patient. In addition, Korean psychodrama model is highly conducive to experiencing and training related people in psychotherapeutic practice as this model has shown up 79.4% approval rate among patients after treatment. Due to the recent crunch in medical insurance financing, psychotherapy is changing from individual long-term type to a more time-limited type. Despite the mental health law passed in 1995, from the human psychotherapy standpoint, the worsening economic situation has made it difficult for a psychiatrist to deal with patient on a one-to-one basis. As a result, the burden of most psychiatrists, is snowballing day by day. In this context psychodrama seems to be a promising, reliable alternative to group psychotherapy, both medically and economically. It will be a treatment modality for years to come.
Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance ; Jurisprudence ; Mental Health ; Psychiatry ; Psychodrama* ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group

OBJECTIVES: Training group with mental health professionals includes didactic process, experience as a member(patient) and a leader(therapist). It is divided into four parts as like 1) lecture, case conference, book reading and seminar about theory and practice, 2) observation, 3) training group(including workshop), and 4) supervision. Among them, the training group and the supervision have been accepted as the most effective methods. Authors have developed and practiced the training group model for mental health professionals including psychiatric residents which aim for the activation of group psychotherapy in mental health area, psychiatrists' initiative in group psychotherapy area, and the training and nurturing of qualified mental health professionals. The objectives of this study are as follows;firstly, we examine the change of defense mechanism and ego function after performing group psychotherapy for mental health professionals;secondly, we analyze the therapeutic factors reported that participants were helped;thirdly, we analyze main features which include group content and process manifested in training group:lastly, we have objectives that the training group is settled down as an effective educational method to foster the personal growth and qualification as a specialist, and also that this study provides a basic research data to set up the training program and the requirements for group psychotherapy. METHODS: This study was performed 5 times from 1997 to 2000. The participants were composed of 37 mental health professionals including psychiatric residents. Among them, 29 participants(male 2, female 27) were chosen as the final subjects except 9 participants dropped out in the process of this study. At first, we take an application of pre-treatment/post-treatment experimental design to evaluate the personality change after performing the training group. EDMT(Ewha Defence Mechanism Test) and EC(Egogram Checklist), the objective questionnaires, were used as the evaluation scale. And 13-therapeutic factor scale and simple subjective questionnaires were performed just after each session and the self-report total assessment questionnaires were performed at the end of this study. RESULTS: To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EDMT, the mature defense was increased significantly, the immature defense was decreased significantly, and the narcissistic defense and neurotic defense were not changed significantly. To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EC, Nurturing Parent(NP), Adult(A) and Free Child(FC) were increased significantly. Therapeutic factors ranked highly were interpersonal learning, existential factor, Identification with therapist, catharsis, and socializing technique in order. The total assessment questionnaires reported that the 100% of participants were helped, the 48.3% of participants were changed in their lives, the 89.7% of participants would propose training group to others positively, and the 58.6% of participants had minds to join this kind of program if given again for them. CONCLUSIONS: This result showed that the defense mechanism and ego function of participants were changed. The training group experience makes participants reflect themselves, examine their conflicts and understand others. That also gives them chances of improving insight about group phenomena and understanding about therapeutic factors essential to the mental health professionals, having confidence on the group therapy by learning leadership and techniques, and improving understanding about the psychotherapy on the whole. Therefore, it is needed in the future that the training group would be widely adapted as an educational tool of psychotherapy and group psychotherapy for the mental health professionals as well as psychiatric residents in mental health area.
Catharsis ; Education ; Ego ; Female ; Humans ; Leadership ; Learning ; Mental Health* ; Organization and Administration ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Design ; Specialization

OBJECTIVES: Group psychotherapy is more economic than individual psychotherapy and effective to adolescents especially. Group psychotherapy with adolescents will be used widely when adolescents problems are becoming more important so that government focuses on them. This article aims for the readers to understand group psychotherapy easily. METHODS: This article is based on reviewing lots of articles related to adolescent group psychotherapy published at home and abroad and our researches and practical experiences in regard with inpatient and outpatient group with adolescents for a long time. This article is described in order of history, theory, model, development stage, and therapeutic factor. RESULTS: Theories of group psychotherapy have been affected by about 200 psychotherapy theories. Among a lot of theories, psychoanalytic theory and cognitive-behavioral theory have been accepted as a perennial effective therapeutic modality. In Korea, structuralized cognitive-behavioral group therapy is currently pervaded in Youth Counselling Center or General Social Welfare Center. But because that is generally consist of skill training and problem solving centered approach, it is difficult to achieve therapeutic goal of ultimate behavioral change in basis of genetic insight. On the contrary, it is known that psychoanalytic group therapy has more benefit to raise adolescent universal value, group norms, group rules, confidentiality, and community consciousness for adolescents. and that group therapy provides adolescents with more secure and caring conditions. Here and now, adolescent group therapists apply wide theories and various techniques with flexible attitudes to go together with unapproachable adolescents. Models of group psychotherapy have various mode related to age, disorders, functional level, developmental level, clinical environment, structural modalities, and intervention goal. Developmental stages of the group psychotherapy consist of formal stage, conflictual stage, normal stage, and performing stage. And then those are divided with the first stage, middle stage, and the last stage in an adolescent group. Therapeutic factors of an adolescent group are as follows. Interpersonal learning, catharsis, existential factor, and group cohesiveness are highly evaluated in an encounter group and a long-term group for personality change. And catharsis, universality, identification, and group cohesiveness are highly evaluated in a short-term group. To handle the adolescent group, therapist capability is very critical. Special knowledge, technique, and endurance are needed for the group therapist to lead an adolescent group. Even though some therapist lead the adult group for a long time, they have to get special training and supervision to lead the adolescent group. CONCLUSIONS: Group psychotherapy has been formally accepted as one of therapeutic modalities that must be as equally effective as individual psychotherapy even if it derives from individual psychotherapy. Adolescent group psychotherapy is currently accepted as one of the most important therapeutic modalities although it is not highlighted as same as adult group psychotherapy. Group therapy is the most desirable therapeutic method for adolescents because they go through a transitional critical time for change and they are especially affected by peer group.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Catharsis ; Confidentiality ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Learning ; Organization and Administration ; Outpatients ; Peer Group ; Problem Solving ; Psychoanalytic Theory ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Sensitivity Training Groups ; Social Welfare

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Dentures*

This paper shows anthropometric differences among four regions of urban community using Korean anthropometric data surveyed in 1992. The anthropometric data include 84 measurements of Korean aged 12~50. The principal component analysis reduce 84 measures to five components. The discriminant analysis using these components is performed to observe the anthropometric differences among four regions : Seoul and Kyungki, Kangwon and Chungbuk, Chungnam and Ch lla, Kyungsang. The results on age groups (12~14, 15~17, 18~24, 25~50 ages) and city size (big city, medium city, small city) can be summarized as follows ; 1) In male aged 12~14 and 15~17, there are significant differences of anthropometry among four regions in all city size. But in another age groups (18~24 and 25~50 ages), these are not significant differences of anthropometry among four regions except medium city. 2) In female, there are significant differences of anthropometry in all city sloe in aged 18~24 and 25~50 and in medium city in aged 15~17. however, there are not significant differences in aged 12~14 and 15-17.
Anthropometry ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seoul