No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Humans

BACKGROUNDS: The high mortality and morbidity rates associated with traumatic rupture of the hollow viscera have been attributed to the clinical difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis. The accuracy of CT in the detection of injuries of the solid visceral organ is well established, but the value of CT in diagnosing small bowel perforation artier blunt abdominal trauma is controversal. This study was conducted to ascertain CT findings of small bowel perforation result from blunt abdominal trauma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of preoperative abdominal CT findings in 40 patients was performed. Small bowel perforation was confirmed by surgery. Precontrast and postcontrast enhanced CT images were obtained in all patients. RESULTS: Diagnostic findings of small bowel perforation including intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free air, discontinuity of the bowel wall and extravasation of oral or IV contrast materials were observed in 34 cases(85%). The most common fading of small bowel perforation was intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free fluid collection(90%), followed by segmental bowel wall thickening(83%), intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free air(80%) and focal mesenteric fat infiltration(70%). CONCLUSIONS : The CT scan is sensitive and effective modality for evaluation of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal truauma, because of high detectability of diagnostic antral suggestive CT findings.
Contrast Media ; Diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Viscera

The extracellular cytolysin produced by V. ulnificus has gained great attention as a causative factor for the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus-infected disease. In this study, an attempt was made to elucidated the mechanism for the toxity of cytolysin. 1. Cytolysin given to mouse showed lethal activity with LD of 3.7 HU and produced hemoconcentration, suggesting that its lethal activitis attributable to the increased vascular permeability. 2. The lethal activity of cytolysin for mouse was prevented by intraperitoneal administration of clemastin or verapamil one hour before intravenous injection of cytolysin. 3. Treatment of peritoneal mast cells from rats with cytolysin stimulated histamine relesse irrespective of the prescence of extracellular Ca and the stimulatory effect of cytolysin was not affected by the pretreatment of mast cells with per tussis toxin. 4. The hemolytic activity and stimulatory effect of cytolysin on histamine release from mast cell were inhibited by cholesterol. The results suggest that the lethal activity of cytolysin is attributable to the increased vascular permeability which is resulted from the stimulation of histsmine release from mast cells and/or basophils by cytolysin.
Animals ; Basophils ; Capillary Permeability ; Cholesterol ; Histamine ; Histamine Release ; Injections, Intravenous ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Perforin* ; Rats ; Verapamil ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

There are ethnic differences in the timing of sexual maturation. However, averages of sexual maturity rating (SMR) for Korean adolescents were not available until recently. The purpose of this study was to determine averages for the SMR of adolescent girls and boys in Korea. The study population included 3,249 boys and 3,337 girls. The sample comprised 2,406 from the Seoul area, 2,441 from a medium-sized city and 1,739 from rural areas. Data were obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations for SMR given by pediatricians from 1991 to 1992. Sexual maturity was graded using the Tanner scales. This was a cross-sectional study. In boys, the first growth of the testes (SMR 2) was observed at a mean age 12.7 years (from 10.4 to 15.1 years of age for 95% of them). SMR 3 and SMR 4 of genitalia were 14.2+/-1.4, 15.4+/-1.3 years of age, respectively. Adult genitalia (SMR 5) was observed from 14 to 18.2 with a mean age of 16.1 years. SMR 2 of pubic hair was at a mean age of 13.2 years, and SMR 3,4, and 5 were 14.4+/-1.4, 15.6+/-1.2, 16.0+/-1.0 years of age, respectively. In girls, the mean age for breast budding (SMR 2) was 11.0 years with a range of 8.9 years to 13.1 years for 95% of them. SMR 3,4, and 5 for breast were 12.6+/-1.4, 14.2+/-1.5, 15.7+/-1.1 years of age, respectively. SMR 2,3,4, and 5 for pubic hair were 12.9+/-1.8, 14.5+/-1.5, 15.1+/-1.3, 16.0+/-1.0 years of age, respectively. Tanner stages for breast and pubic hair in girls, and genitalia and pubic in boys did not agree well within one ordinal rank. Average length of time from SMR 2 to 5 was 3.3 years for boys and 5.0 years for girls. Mean age of menarche was 12.8 years (from 10.8 to 14.8 years of age for 95% of them). Mean of menarcheal age was significantly different, geographically (12.6 years Seoul, 12.9 medium-sized city, and 12.9 rural area) (P<.0001). Menarche occurred 1.7% on breast SMR 2, 41.5% on SMR 3, 85.9% on SMR 4, 99.3% on SMR 5. In conclusion, this findings might be interpreted as providing averages of SMR for Korean girls and boys in adolescence.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Breast ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female* ; Genitalia ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea* ; Menarche ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Sexual Maturation ; Testis ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel*

he Magnetic. resonance imaging has been used widely to evaluate the disk position without any interruption of the TMJ structures, and the dynamic MRI presenting computed serial imaging or the video-recorded simulation images is thought to be very effective to evaluate the disk position under function. This is to study the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the findings of dynamic MRI for diagnosis of internal derangement of the 7 patients were examined clinically, and the movement of TMJ meniscus was reviewed in the dynamic MRI. MRI was very reliable to diagnose the amount of anterior displacement of articular disc, the structural abnormality of temporomandibular joint, the cause of functional limitation, and to differentiate the muscle related pain & dysfunction.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* ; Temporomandibular Joint*

We investigated the effect of 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 on intraocular pressure and peripapillary and optic nerve head microcirclation with Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter. The 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects were divided 2 groups. 2% Borzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 were instilled in each group. The IOP and microcirculation of peripillary retina and optic nerve head were measured before and 90min, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after instillation. The IOP was decreased at 90 minutes, 4, 8 hours after instillation of 2% dorzolamide and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 90 minutes (P<0.05). The IOP was decreased at 90min, 4, 8, 12 hours after instillation of 0.12% UF-021 and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 4 hours(P<0.05). But, there was no statistically significant changes of microciculation in both groups(P>0.05). We suggest that 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 reduce the IOP, but do not alter the mictocirculation of peripapillary retina and optic nerve head.
Flowmeters ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Microcirculation ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

The authors reviewed the medical records of 94 patients who met the strict diagnostic criteria of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). They were diagnosed and treated at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1983 to June 1984. The interrelationships among the age, clinical status on admission, findings on brain computerized tomography (CT), site of the ruptured aneurysm and the intracranial complicaions (ventricular dilatation, vasospasm, rebleeding) and their outcome were studied. Conclusions obtained are as follows: 1) The local clot on CT (especially associated with ICH and /or IVH) was more frequently found in clinically poor patients than in good ones. 2) Cerebral angiography (TFCAs, 53 cases) revealed the anterior communicating artery (A-COM) to be the most common site of aneurysm in 21 cases (39.6%) and multiple aneurysms in 5 cases (9.4% : two in 4 cases, three in 1 case) and no aneurysm in 9 cases (17%). Vasospasm on angiography was found in 27 cases (50.9%). 3) Ventricular dilatation, which was measured on the first CT after SAH, was detected in 43 cases (45.7%). High incidence was found in the cases showing a local clot on CT (53.4%), especially associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; 83.3%), and in the cases of A-COM aneurysm rupture (52.4%; probably due to IVH). 4) The clinical vasospasm was edtected in 41 cases (43.6%). The interval between SAH and the development of clinical vasospasm ranged from from 3 to 35 days (mean 9.8 days). Thirty-five cases (85.4%) of them suffered from clinical vasospasm within 14 days. The incidence of clinical vasospasm steeply increased in the elderly patients (Fifties: 60%, Sixties: 66.7%) but that of findings of vasospasm on angiography (angiographic vasospasm) slowly increased with age. The local clot on CT seemed to be the most important factor of vasospasm, both clinically (51.7%) and angiographically (75%). The site of vasospasm on angiography was closely related with that of the ruptured aneurysm. 5) Rebleeding occurred in 21 cases (22.3%) with the interval ranging from 2 hours to 38 days (mean 10.1 days) after SAH and 14 cases (66.7%) of them rebled within 10 days. The shorter the interval after SAH, the higher the incidence. There were no definitely related factors affecting the rebleeding but it seemed to be affected to some extent by ICH and/or IVH on CT (31.3%). 6) Thirty-five cases (37.2%) diedof various causes. Mortality seemed to be most closely related with the clinical status on admission. Other related iactros were the aging, the local clot on CT (53.4%), especially associated with ICH and/or IVH (69.7%), and the development of various systemic or intracranial complications. Mortality seemed to be more closely related with ventricuar dilstation and rebleeding than with vasospasm. But it was suggested that vasospasm should be regrarded as a major cause of disabilities and an indirect cause of death.
Aged ; Aging ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Brain ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Angiography ; Dilatation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Rupture ; Seoul ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Gestational Sac* ; Ultrasonography*