This research has been surveyed on street food and snack intake status of elementary school students in the Jeon Buk region and the recognition of mothers has been observed for the objective of providing base materials for appropriate eating habits and nutritional education. As for status on intake of street food, most students (97.3%) have shown to have eaten from the street vendors while mothers assume low frequency in their child's intake of street food. Favorite street food choices had an agreement between mother and student as ddukbokki and dakkochi. Students were more tolerant in sanitation and necessity of street food than the mothers. This research shows that there is a difference in the recognition of street food between the students and their mothers. There a need required for improvement in the system as to provide quality food and to prevent poor quality food being exposed to the students. Furthermore, practical and appropriate education must be conducted at home and at school for better choices of food and a better lifestyle.
Commerce ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mothers ; Sanitation ; Snacks

Nickel sensitivity is the most common cause of allergic metal dermatitides,, particularly in women. Women are uaually sensitized. by the objects wom close to the skin ('e.g. earring, necklace fasther, watch, suspenders, brassiere clips, etc.), and men are by occupational exposures (e.g. plating or printing industries, tools, etc.). Nickel dermatitis is frequently developed on the sites where seems to have been directly contact witb nickel substance, but secondary eruptions may develop on the areas where seems to have not been directly exposed to nickel, so that nickel dermatitie is sometimea misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis, or other dermatitides. The authora prcsent two cases of nickel dermatitis confirmed by patch test with 2. 5% nickel sulfafte; first case-a 22 years old female who has erythemat,ous maculopapular patches on her ears, around neck, left wriat, elbows, and abdomen; second case tkat was previously misdiagnosed as mummular eczema-a 18 years old female who has large oozing and crusted patches on both lateral aspects of her right thigh and back, The authors reviewed the incidence of nickel sensitivity during past years in korea and the clinical aspect of distribution of nickel dermatitis.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Dermatitis* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Ear ; Eczema ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Nickel* ; Occupational Exposure ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Thigh ; Young Adult

Relatively little is known about the neurobiology of insomnia, despite its wide prevalence and broad medical impact. Although much is still to be learned about the pathophysiology of the disorder, identification, systematic assessment, and appropriate treatment are clearly beneficial to patients. Recent research, using quantitative EEG, polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and neuroimaging techniques, suggests that some broad areas can be identified as possible pathophysiological models. Sleep-wake homeostat model hypothesizes a failure in homeostatic regulation of sleep, an attenuated increase in sleep drive with time awake, and/or defective sensing of sleep need. Circadian clock model hypothesizes a dysfunctional circadian clock, resulting in changes in the timing of sleep-wake propensity that are incompatible with normal sleep. Intrinsic sleep-wake state mechanism model suggests that abnormal function of insomnia comprises the systems responsible for expression of the sleep states themselves. Extrinsic over-ride mechanism (stress-response) model suggests that insomnia reflects the consequences of overactivity of one of the systems considered "extrinsic" to normal sleep-wake control. Many current therapies for insomnia are based on these physiological models. Several attempts have been made to create a physiological model that would explain this disorder and could be used as a foundation for treatment. However, it appeared that no model can fully explain and clarify all aspects of insomnia. Future research should be necessary to expand our knowledge on the biological dimensions of insomnia.
Circadian Clocks ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Neurobiology ; Neuroimaging ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

No abstract available.
Organization and Administration* ; Psychotherapy*

No abstract available.
Intussusception*

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage remains one of the more common cause of emergency hospital admissions. The majority of patients with ulcer bleeding will not have recurrent bleeding, but 25% of patients will have recurrent or continuous bleeding and require further therapy. Endoscopy is the preferred investigative procedure for UGI bleeding because of its accuracy and low complication rate. Although no study has clearly demonstrated improved mortality rates attributable specifically to the use of endoscopy, it is likely that improved therapeutic outcome lags behind diagnostic advances. All of these 4 patients died eventually due to the massive UGI bleeding in hospital and autopsy was done between September, 1997. and May, 1998. in National Institute of Scientific Investigation (NISI). Despite major advances in diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, mortality from this often devastating condition remains unacceptably high. The optimal balance between operative and non-operative therapy has yet to be determined. So the close cooperation between internist and surgeon is required.
Autopsy* ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Ulcer*

The prevalence of dermographism in 96 patients of acute or chronic urticaria was studied using dermographic tester. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The prevalence rate of dermographism in acute or chronic urticaria was 26.0% (25/96). 2. Dermographism was more common in acute or chronic urticaria than in the general population(p<0.005). 3. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of dermographiam between acute and chronic urticaria. 4. The prevalence rate of dermographism was not significantly correlated with the level of serum IgE.
Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Prevalence ; Urticaria*

We compared the sensitivity and practicability for the direct examination of fungal hypae between the specimens treated with mixed Chlorazol black E solution and simple KOH(potassium hydroxide) solution in 118 cases of superficial myosis. The results were as follows: Higher positivity of fungal hypae in the specimens treated with mixed Chlorazol black E solution(99. 2%) than simple KOH solutiion(87. 3%.). 2, It was time-saving and easy to detect fungal hypae in the specimens treated with mixed Chlorazol black E solution than simple K(3H solution.
Diagnosis*

We present a case of pemphigus vulgaris developed during pregnancy. The clinical features of this patient were similar to those of hetpes gestationis. By immunofluorescence studies we found that the patient's serum contained autoantibodies to intercellular substance of epidermis. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of a perilesional skin also demontrated immunoglobulin deposition in the intercellular areas. Additionally we did in vitro C3 staining for further confirmation of the diagnosis but it was negative in basement membrane zone. This patient was initially treated with corticosteroid and azathioprine. Several months later gold compound was given instead of azathioprine and corticosteroid with good therapeutic response.
Autoantibodies ; Azathioprine ; Basement Membrane ; Diagnosis ; Epidermis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Microscopy ; Pemphigus* ; Pregnancy* ; Skin

The clinical and mycological investigation was made with 68 cases of tinea corporis who had visited the Dermatologic Clinic of N.M.C. from Nov. 1985 to Oct. 1988. The results were as follows : 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.1: 1, and tinea corporis was most preva lent in the twenties. 2. 25 cases (36.8%) had a history of contact with infected animals or soil. 3. 75% of cases had less than 2 lesions. The exposed area was more frequently affected, and the face being the most frequent site. 4, Concurrent infection of tinea corporis with other types of dermatophytosis were noted in 33 cases (48.8%), and the most common was tinea pedis. 5. From the 68 cases, 49 organisms composed of 4 species were isolated, which were T. rubrum (32 cases), M. Canis (11 cases), T. mentagrophytes (5 cases) and M. gypseem (1 case). 6. Of the clinical variants of tinea corporis, the annular type was most comm only noted. No species specificity was noted in annular type, but T. rubrum was the major causative organism of eczematous and plaque type, and M. canis was the only isolated organism in herpetiform type. 7. As compared with other dermatophytes, M. canis was more commonly isolated from the smaller lesion.
Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Soil ; Species Specificity ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea*