No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans

This research has been surveyed on street food and snack intake status of elementary school students in the Jeon Buk region and the recognition of mothers has been observed for the objective of providing base materials for appropriate eating habits and nutritional education. As for status on intake of street food, most students (97.3%) have shown to have eaten from the street vendors while mothers assume low frequency in their child's intake of street food. Favorite street food choices had an agreement between mother and student as ddukbokki and dakkochi. Students were more tolerant in sanitation and necessity of street food than the mothers. This research shows that there is a difference in the recognition of street food between the students and their mothers. There a need required for improvement in the system as to provide quality food and to prevent poor quality food being exposed to the students. Furthermore, practical and appropriate education must be conducted at home and at school for better choices of food and a better lifestyle.
Commerce ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mothers ; Sanitation ; Snacks

The Purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data to identify effective nursing methods for intravenous therapy patients by means of investigating the incidence of phlebitis and identifying the risk factors for intravenous-related phlebitis which cared by the IV team nurses. The data collected from August, 30, 1995 to October, 2, 1995. The subjects of this study were 495 IV catheters of 270 patients hospitalized to the 3 internal medicine and the 3 surgical wards of large general hospital who received the continuous IV therapy. In order to investigate the incidence of phlebitis, investigator developed the criteria for judging phlebitis and assessment records concerning the phlebitis. Catheter sites was inspected on a daily basis by IV team nurses, and development of phlebitis was graded and documented. The data were analyzed using the PC-SAS program : Percentages and Chi-Square test were used. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Over-all rate of incidence of intravenous-related phlebitis was 8.7%(Grade III 8.5%, Grade IV 0.2%). 2. There was significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis by sex. It was 12.00% in female as compared to 6.44% in male. 3. There was no significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis by age. 4. There was significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis according to duration of catheter placement. The incidence of phlebitis was the highest within 24 hour after insertion. 5. There was significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis according to the location of the insertion site. Lower extremities were 22.22% as compared to 8.18% in upper extremities. But, there was no difference in the incidence of phlebitis according to the location of the insertion site among upper extremities catheters. 6. There was significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis by the size of cannula 22G was 11.08% as compared to 4.14% in 18G. 7. There was no significant difference in the incidence of phlebitis between surgical and medical wards. It was 10.96% in surgical wards as compared to 6.88% in medical wards. In conclusion, the following risk factors can be attributed to the incidence of phlebitis : sex, the duration of catheter placement, the location of the insertion site and the size of cannula inserted. Consequently, in order to prevent and detect the intravenous-related phlebitis early, a consistent, organized assessment and evaluation of the above factors during the intravenous therapy.
Catheters ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Nursing ; Phlebitis ; Research Personnel ; Risk Factors ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory stimulation on premature infants. METHOD: Thirty three premature infants admitted to NICU of D University Hospital in C city were randomly assigned in two groups (Experimental group: 16, Control group:17). For the experimental group, tactile and kinesthetic stimulation developed by Dr. Field was applied 2 times a day for 10 days. Behavioral state was measured using the Anderson Behavioral State Scale (ABSS). Heart rate, respiration, and oxygen saturation were obtained for each infant before and after sensory stimulation. Hypothesis testing was done using the X2- test, student t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. Result: Hypothesis 1: There was a significant difference in the daily body weight gain between experimental and control group (F= 40.77, p= .0001). Hypothesis 2: There was a significant difference in the frequency of 'inactive awake state' between two groups (X2= 39.778, p= .001). Hypothesis 3: There were significant differences in the mean of heart rate and O2 saturation between two groups (t= -2.174, p= .037; t= 3.080, p= .005). However, there was no significant difference in the mean of respiration rate between two groups (t= -1.966, p= .581). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of a sensory stimulation on weight gain and behavioral state in premature infants was supported. Further study is recommended to develop a sensory stimulation method as an independent nursing intervention for premature infant.
Body Weight ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nursing ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate ; Weight Gain*

Mass screening of cardiomegaly by chest X-ray in 144,021 (male 55,491, female 88,530) students of primary, middle and high school (6~17 years of age) in Seoul was performed and electrocardiograms of 217 cases of cardiomegaly were studied. The results were as follows; 1) Cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5) was seen in 0.19% of each sex and it was higher in middle and high school ages (12~17 years) than primary school ages (6~11 years). 2) Incidences of abnormal electrocardiogram in cardiomegaly were 59.5% in male and 54.7% of female students. Major abnormal electrocardiograms in cardiomegaly were right ventricular hypertrophy (24.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (11.6%), biventricular hypertrophy(4.8%), complete right bundle branch block (7.7%), incomplete right bundle branch block (8.7%), first degree A-V block (5.8%) and premature beat (4.3%). 3) Left ventficular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in high school ages (15~17 years) and decreased with decreasing age. Right ventricular hypertropy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (9~11 years) and decreased with increasing age. Biventricular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (6~8 years) and decreased with increasing age. 4) Complete and incomplete right vundle branch block were seen commonly in 12~17 years of age and first degree A-V block in 9~11 years of age.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), and correlation between these alternations and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TRI) and normal brain MRI findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty TBI patients and 19 healthy volunteers underwen1 rest/acerazolamide brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO. Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale test was also performed in the patient group. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM97), RESULTS: CBF was diminished in the left hemisphere including Wernicke's area in all patients with lower verbal scale scores. In addition, a reduction in CBF in the right frontal, temporal and parietal cortices was related with depressed scores in information, digital span, arithmetic and similarities, In patients with lower performance scale scores. CBF was mainly diminished in the right hemisphere including superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, premotor, primary somatomotor and a port of prefrontal cortices, left frontal lobe and supramarginal gyrus. CVR was diminished in sixty-four Brodmann's areas compared to control. A reduction in CVR was demonstrated bilaterally in the frontal and temporal Iobes in patients with lower scores in both verbal and performance tests, and in addition, both inferior parietal and occipital lobes in information subset. CONCLUSION: Alterations of CBF and CVR were demonstrated in the symptomatic TBI patients with normal MRI finding. These alterations were correlated with the change of intelligence, of which the complex functions are subserved by multiple interconnected cortical structures.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Frontal Lobe ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Occipital Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Authers analysed the electrocardiographic exercise test of 196 cases of normal and 150 cases of various diseases according to the Minnesota Code, Master's criteria and Lepeschkin's criteria and following results were obtained. 1. In normal cases, Lepeschkin's method of analysis of single Master's exercise test revealed less frequent false positive case (7.7%) than those of Master's (12.1%) and Minnesota Code (12.6%). 2. ST-segment changes by the Minnesota Code in the postexercise electrocardiogram were obtained 12.6% of nomal cases, 63.9% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 31.5% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus. 3. Positive exercise test by the Master's criteria in the postexercise electrocardiogram were obtained 12.1% of normal cases, 63.9% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 31.5% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus. 4. Positive exercise test by the Lepeschkin's criteria in the postexercise electorcardiogram were obtained 7.7% of normal cases, 50% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 18.4% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test* ; Hypertension ; Minnesota

A case of incontinentia pigmenti without any developmental defect has been presented. And literatures have been reviewed. The patient was a 20 year old female and had been affected with numerous dark brownish linear streaks of pigmentation on the entirebody. No familiar traits were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by characteristic clinical picture, laboratory and histopathologic findings.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Pigmentation ; Young Adult

Persistent cloaca in a female newborn is one of the most complex and challenging developmental malformations. The incidence is about 10% of all anorectal anomalies. Treatment of cloacal malformations has evolved during the past 40 years; however, it still remains one of the most difficult operations. In 1997, Pe a reported that a new technical variant called "Total urogenital mobilization" We also repaired cloacal anomaly using "Total urogenital mobilization" in 3 patients. The operations were performed between age 15- and 28-month. The length of the common channels was 2.5-3.0 cm. Two cases had double vaginas and one of them also had double uterus. The operation time was 4-5 hours and no major complications occurred. A satisfactory functional and cosmetic results were obtained.
Cloaca ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Uterus ; Vagina

A total of 42 vas anastomoses was performed on experimental animals and successful anastomoses were obtained 19 of the cases and the over-all rate of success was approximately 46 per cent. But 13 dogs in total of 21 dogs were found to be patent in at least one side of vas, or about 65 per cent of total dogs were restored their fecundity. Splinting materials used in this comparative study are chromic catgut, stainless steel wire, dermalon and polyethylen tube, and dermalon has been proved as the most excellent splinting material among thembecause it is no figid but plable and makes no tissue reaction in the vas. Successful anastomosis of vas deferent is affected by many factors. Among these, an inadequate splinting material has been considered as the most important causes of failures. But it should seem that minimal dissection of the tied points of vas as satisfactory approximation of the free ends of vas exert very important effect upon the successful anastomosis as the splinting material does. Consecutive four successful anastomosis of human cases are highly satisfactory results and are very encouraging even in a small series of cases of the present study.
Animals* ; Catgut ; Dogs ; Fertility ; Humans* ; Nylons ; Splints* ; Stainless Steel ; Vasectomy*