The force-interval relationship of cardiac muscle has been known as not only a fundamental manifestation of beat-to-beat kinetics of intracellular activator calcium which control contractile response but also a potential clinical tool for evaluating cardiac contracile function. In this study were evaluated the force-interval relationship of intact canine left ventricle through mechanical restitution curves by plotting contrctile responses to varying steady state, extrasystolic and postextrasystolic intervals, and compared the force-interval relationships of intact canine left and right ventricles quantitatively. Effects of localized myocardial ischemia on the left ventricular force-interval relationship and relaxtion function were also evaluated 30 minutes after ligating proximal left anterior descending coronary artery through observing contractile and relaxtion responses to various intervals. 1) Mechanical restitution curve of left ventricle showed that left ventricular dp/dt max responses rose stiffly until plateau level with increasing postextrasystolic intervals, then declined with further increment of postextrasystolic intervals. 2) Mechanical restitution curve of left ventricle shifted leftward and upward with shortening of steady state and extrasystolic intervals, which suggest intracellular calcium kinetics during electrical diastole may operate as a mechanism of the force-interval relationship. 3) Steady state contractile responses remained unchanged but maximal contractile responses increased significantly or contractile reserve in intact left ventricle. 4) Normalized force-interval relationships of left and right ventricle were similar quantitatively, which suggest the force-interval relationship is independent of structural factors in intact canine heart. 5) Occlusion of coronary artery lowered absolute values of left ventricular dp/dt max responses to varying postextrasystolic intervals, but didn't show significant changes of normalized dp/dt max responses, which suggest force-interval relationship be also present in spite of localized myocardial ischemia. 6) Responses of normalized left ventricular dp/dt min to varying postextrasystolic intervals were similar to those of normalized dp/dt max but reduced after coronary artery occlusion in the range above 100% dp/dt max response, which may be used for the detection and evaluation of deranged myocardial relaxation in the left ventricle with localized myocardial ischemia.
Calcium ; Coronary Vessels ; Diastole ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Kinetics ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Relaxation ; Ventricular Function, Left*

To assess the diagnostic value of low level predischarge exercise test in the prediction of multivessel disease and left ventricular abnormality rate limited treadmill test, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were admitted to the coronary care unit at Seoul National University Hospital from February 1985 to April 1986. The following results were obtained; 1) During and immediately after the treadmill test, ischemic ST segment depression were observed in 7 patients (20.6%). On subsequent coronary arteriography, 6 of them were found to have multivessel coronary artery disease. The sensitivity of ST segment depression in prediction of multivessel disease was 31.6%, the specificity was 93.3% and prediction value was 85.7%. 2) In 11 patients (32.3%), the exercise test were discontinued because of anginal pain, fatigue, or dyspnea. The sensitivity of above symptoms in prediction of multivessel disease was 47.4%, the specificity was 86.7% and prediction value was 81.8%. 3) The sensitivity of ST segment depression and/or symptom in prediction of multivessel disease was 68.4%, the specificity was 80%, and the prediction value was 81.25%. 4) The ST segment elevation were observed in 10 patients (29.4%). The sensitivity of ST segment elevation in prediction of complicated left ventricular aneurysm was 58.3%, the specificity was 87.5%, and the prediction value was 70%. 5) No serious complication developed by the treadmill test. It is concluded from above results that low level predischarge treadmill exercise test is useful and safe test in the prediction of multivessel disease and left ventricular aneurysm in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Care Units ; Depression ; Dyspnea ; Exercise Test* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul

The coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed on 63 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to coronary care unit of Seoul National University Hospital from September 1984 to October 1986 within 30 days after onset of acute myocardial infarction (median: 16 days) to delineate the extent of coronary artery disease and the left ventricular function. The results were as follows; 1) The ratio of male to female was 59:4 (14.75:1) and 34.9% of all patients were at their 6th decade. 2) The infarction were transmural in 58 patients (92.1%) and nontransmural in 5 patients (7.9%). Among 58 patients with transmural infarction, 33 (56.9%) had anterior wall infarction, 15 (25.9%) had inferior wall infarction and 10 (17.2%) had anteroinferior wall infarction. 3) Among 63 patients, 4 (6.3%) showed completely normal coronary artery on coronary arteriography and 3 (4.8%) had insignificant stenosis (lesser than 50%) reduction in luminal diameter). The 39.7% of all patients had one-vessel disease, 27% two-vessel disease and 22.2% three-vessel disease. 4) Among 58 patients with transmural infarction, 31 (53.4%) showed complete occlusion of infarct related artery. And 73.4% of the patients with inferior wall infarction showed complete occlusion of infarct related artery. None of the patients with non-transmural infarction had complete occlusion. 5) In 21 patients who had the coronary arteriography within 14 days after the onset, 12 (57.2%) showed complete occlusion of infarct related artery and among 42 patients who were studied 15-30 days after the onset, 19(45.2%) showed complete occlusion. 6) Nineteen patients (30.2%) were found to have left ventricular aneurysm. 7) The left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly higher in the patients with non-transmural infarction than in patients with transmural infarction. The difference in left ventricular ejection fraction between the patients with anterior infarction and with inferior infarction, between single vessel disease and multiple vessel disease were not significant. 8) The older age group showed a tendency to have higher prevalence of multivessel disease. 9) As complication of coronary arteriography and left ventriculography, one episode of ventricular fibrillation was observed without mortality. From the above results of this study, it is concluded that coronary arteriography and left ventriculography can be safely performed within 30 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction: A significant number of patients had normal or minimally diseased coronary artery: more than half of the patients with transmural infarction had complete occlusion of infarct related artery: the patients with nontransmural infarction had better left ventricular function than with transmural infarction.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Care Units ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Phenobarbital ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Function, Left

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colon ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: Operative management of acute cholecystitis in aged patients has been shown to have relatively higher morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine appropriate management protocols for acute cholecystitis in those more than 70 years old. METHODS: From May 2003 to Dec 2009, we performed this study of patients over 70 years old that were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis (n=257). We excluded patients that had a hepatobilliary malignancy, a previous laparotomy history, secondary cholecystitis, or a high operative risk factor (n=78). Eligible participants were divided into two groups according to the first management of acute cholecystitis. One hundred two of the 179 (group A) had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or open cholecystectomy (OC) within 48 hr after arriving at the emergency room; 77 of the 179 (group 2) had PTGBD done as the first management protocol. We divided group 2 into group C (n=47) and D (n=30) according to cholecystectomy or not. We compared clinical outcomes of the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 77.5 years old (102 for Group A and 77 for Group B. Univariant analysis of pre-operative clinical findings between groups A and B showed a significant difference only in age and in type of acute cholecystitis, However, the pre-operative co-morbidity of group B was significantly higher than that for group A. Comparing postoperative results between groups A and C, postoperative complications, open conversion rate, and mortality after cholecystectomy were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: PTGBD could be considered as appropriate management in aged patients with acute cholecystitis. Moreover, PTGBD can reduce unnecessary cholecytectomies.
Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Stomach

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation. Although these polyps are believed to have little potential for malignancy, and the disease was believed to have a relatively benign course, it recently has been recognized that patients with this syndrome are at increased risk for the development of cancer at gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal sites. A 33-year-old male patient was admitted because of vomiting and abdominal pain for 3 months duration. A diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was made 3 years ago by multiple hamartomatous polyps confined to the colon and mucocutaneous pigmentation. A barium study showed abrupt string like luminal narrowing at the 4th portion of the duodenum. On laparotomy, there was an annular constricting mass involving the serosa of duodenum with multiple metastasis to liver, so a segmental resection of small bowel followed by chemotherapy was performed. The histologic finding was adenocarcinoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Barium ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Male ; Melanins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome* ; Phenobarbital ; Pigmentation ; Polyps ; Serous Membrane ; Vomiting

41 patients with hyperlipidemia(Serum cholesterol > or =260mg% or triglyceride> or =200mg%) were treated for 12 weeks each with either Bezafibrate(200mg t.i.d.)(n=23) or placebo(n=18) in a randomized trial. Compared with placebo, Bezafibrate was more effective in lowing total cholesterol(287+/-63 to 244+/-32 mg%, P<0.01), LDL-cholesterol(183+/-39 to 153 +/-25mg%, P<0.01) and the LDL/HDL ratio(4.7+/-2.9 to 3.4+/-1.3, P<0.05). There was also a marked reduction in serum triglyceride(307+/-295 to 218+/-167mg%, P<0.05) as well as a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol(43+/-12 to 48+/-12mg%, P<0.05). Compliance or tolerance to both Bezafibrate and placebo was good. No significant side effects except one case, who complained of mild indigestion, were observed. Therefore, Bezafibrate seemed to be effective in lowing serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholestrol, triglyceride and in increasing in HDL-cholesterol without significant side effect.
Bezafibrate ; Cholesterol ; Compliance ; Dyspepsia ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Triglycerides

The analysis of regional myocardial function is important for the evaluation of myocardial performance. We evaluated whether the motion images of the coronary bifurcation points can be used for computation of the regional deformation and the regional wall stress. In 5 mongrel dogs, 4 to 7 lead markers were implanted adjacent to the bifurcarion points of coronary artery. Left ventricular pressure curve was obtained, and left ventriculography was performed to measure the major and minor axes of the left ventricle. Afterthen, biplane coronary arteriography was performed. The motion images of the lead markers and the corresponding coronary bifurcation points were used as landmarkers for the kinetic analysis of the regional wall deformation and wall stress. The results of the analysis using two kinds of landmarkers were well correlated(P<0.001). Analysis of the diagnosis biplane coronary cineangiograms of each patient group demonstrated that quite difference wave forms between the normally perfused segment and the underperfused segments. In group I there was no coronary arterial narrowings and no regional wall motion abnormalities. Their mean and peak wall thicking were 10.10+/-9.28% and 47.99+/-20.70%. And their peak and mean values of circumferential and longitudinal wall stresses are as follows; 2.70+/-0.74x10(5)dyn/cm2, 2.34+/-0.71x10(5)dyn/cm2, 0.84+/-0.21x10(5)dyn/cm2, 2.34+/-0.71x10(5)dyn/cm2, 0.84+/-0.21x10(5)dyn/cm2 and 0.64+/-0.13x10(5)dyn/cm2. Of 5 male patients having coronary arterial disease with regional wall motion abnotmalities(Group III), 2patients have single vessel disease, 2 paitents have 2 vessel disease. In subgroup b of group III, there was a significant decrease of regional wall thickening(mean and peak value; 0.54+/-9.91%.14.87+/-12.055; P<0.001 vs. group I), and increasing tendency of regional wall stresses. Using biplane coronary cineangiogram, which is routine diagnostic procedure in coronary artery disease, this method can valuate regional myocardial function. And this method can evaluate regional myocardial function. And this method will be especially useful, when serial coronary cineangiograms are needed for serial evaluation of patients, such as before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary arterial bypass graft surgery, etc.
Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Transplants ; Ventricular Pressure

BACKGROUND: To evaluvate the hypothesis that reperfusion injury and reperfusion arrhythmia could be caused by oxyzen free redicals and that prolonged myocardial dysfunction could be induced by oxyzen free redical. METHODS: Experimnetal model of anesthetized open chest dogs was used. Coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes and reperfusion was performed 4 hours. In 5 dogs, superoxide dismutase and catalase were infused concomitantly 15 minutes after coronary occlusion to 15 minutes after reperfusion. In 9 dogs, 0.9% saline was infused instead of free redical scavengers. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, left ventricular peak systolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure, peak positive dP/dt, and peak negative dP/dt were analysed. Infarct size was estimated by the unstained area in nitroblue tetrazolium staining and risk area was calculated from the unstained area after methylen blue infusion. Regional systolic function was observed in systolic thickening of ischemic area by echocardiogram. RESULTS: 1) Reperfusion arrhythmia occurred in 67% of control group and in 50% of drug treated group. 2) Systolic hemodynamic parameters such as peak systolic pressure, peak positive dP/dt showed no difference between control and drug-treated group. 3) Diastolic parameters such as end-diastolic pressure and peak negative dP/dt were not different in two groups. 4) Regional systolic parameter measured by systolic thickening in ischemic area improved after reperfusion and continued to be better in drug treated group than in control group. 5) Infarct size, risk area, ratio of infarct size to risk aera were not different in two groups. CONCLUSION: Superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no effect in reducing the infarct size in anesthetized open chest canine model with 60 minutes of coronary occlusion 4 hours of reperfusion. However, postischemic prolonged myocardial dysfunction tended of improve-after reperfusion in drug treated group.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Catalase* ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Necrosis* ; Nitroblue Tetrazolium ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Thorax