No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunotherapy* ; Infertility* ; Pregnancy*

One hundred and ten rats weighing 100 gm. or more were used. These animals were divided into two study groups. The first consisted of 80 rats and this groupwas used to follow up the process of bladder regeneration. The second consisted of 30 rats and in this group polyethylene tube (I.D. .023" X O.D. .038") was placed in the space after subtotal cystectomy through the urethra, and the tube was sutured to the urethra with 4-0 silk to investigate whether the urinary retention is necessary for the bladder regeneration. Anesthesia was accomplished by intraperitoneal and through a subumbilical median incision the bladder was exposed transperitoneally and subtotal cystectomy was done saving the trigone andureteral orifices. To prevent the urinary leakage the edge of remnant bladder wasclosed with 4-0 chromic catgut. In the first group, 10 rats each were sacrificed at intervals of one week after initial operation for 8 weeks. There was complete restoration of what appeared to be normal bladder capacity at the end of 8 weeks. The regenerated bladder was a definite thick-walled pouch lined with normal epithelium and many capillaries. In the second group, 30 rats were sacrificed after the initial operation: 6 each at the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week. At the end of 8 weeks regeneration of the bladder was markedly inhibited as compared with the first group. It is felt that the mechanical stretch of the bladder is the main factor by which the bladder grows. The urine pooling in the pouch serves not only to preserve and enlarge the pouch but also to develop the elements of new bladder wall by intermittent filling and emptying. The most inhibitory factorin bladder regeneration is the wound infection.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Catgut ; Cystectomy ; Epithelium ; Follow-Up Studies ; Polyethylene ; Rats ; Regeneration* ; Silk ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Wound Infection

The cell cycle is composed of G1, S, G2 and M phase. The transitions between different phases are regulated at checkpoint such as Start(restriction), S phase and mitotic checkpoint. These checkpoints are regulated by specific cyclins and Cdks(cyclin-dependent kinases). Especially, Start checkpoint in late G1 is though to be very important in control of cell cycle. In this study, it was shown various CDKN2(p16ink4A) alteration, including deletions, mutations, down regulations, and performed differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA and pRb in stomach cancer tissues. 1. The frequency of CDKN2 mutations was not observed in the 19 primary stomach cancer tissues. In contrast to the mutations of CDKN2, mRNA levels was showed by Northern blot analysis that expression of CDKN2 was absent or decreased in 10 of the 19(53%) primary stomach adenocarcinoma. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA related to Start checkpoint. Overexpression of p53 was shown 38%, Cdk4 was expressed in all each specimens, and expression of PCNA was not shown. 2. As the other method to determine the differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA and pRb, immunohistochemical analyses were performed on each 14 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumor tissues of stomach adenocarcinoma. p53 overexpression was showed to clear nuclear staining only in tumor cells not in nonneoplastic cells. In staining for cdk4, the tumor was considered to be cdk4 positive if there was nuclear staining in tumor cells, regardless of cytoplasmic staining. PCNA staining for carcinoma tissues showed more intense nuclear staining in tumor cells than in nonneoplastic cells. pRb overexpression was show in tumor cells. Significant differences were observed in the expression of the proteins among the cancers from different anatomic site. Overexpression of adenocarcinomas had high rate of p53(57.1%) and pRb(71.4% ), and low late of cdk4(7.1% ) and PCNA(14.3% ), As these results, deletion of CDKN2 gene in human stomach cancer was not observed but mRNA expression was down regulated in restriction checkpoint, G1 phase. Inactivation of the CDKN2 gene due to hypermethylation may play an important role in development of cancer. And one of the abnormalities in p53, Cdk4, PCNA or pRb function occurs very common in various cancers, especially oral adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and squemous cell carcinoma, suggest that components in restriction checkpoint also play an critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers.
Adenocarcinoma ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cyclins ; Cytoplasm ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Osteosarcoma ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; RNA, Messenger ; S Phase ; Social Control, Formal ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

No Abstract Available.
Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

Blood utilization review has recently been used to minimize inappropriate transfusion, reduce post transfusion infections and improve the quality of transfusion practices. Ajou University Hospital is a 906 bed tertiary care teaching institution. Since March, 1995, the concurrent review of blood transfusion requests using institutional blood transfusion criteria has been initiated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the transfusion review, the units of blood components transfused per patient(total number of units of blood components transfused/total number of patients discharged) and inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components(total number of units of blood components inappropriately transfused/total number of units of blood components transfused) were compared during the concurrent review for 9 months and pre-concurrent review for 9 months, respectively. The possible savings of blood components realized by the review were also extrapolated. The results were as follows : 1. The unit transfused per patient for pre-review and during review were 0.675 (9,080/ 13,422) and 0.654(12,123/18,546) for packed RBC(PRBC); 0.417 (5,602/ 13,422) and 0.296 (5,444/18,546) for fresh frozen plasma(FFP); 0.372(5,007/13,422) and 0.424(7,868/18,546) for platelet con-centrates(PC), respectively. 2. The inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components for pre-review and during review were 0.039 and 0.009 for PRBC; 0.321 and 0.064 for FFP; 0.143 and 0.008 for PC, respectively. These differences were statistically significant(p=0.000). 3. The PRBC and FFP anticipated to have been saved by this review was 519 units and 2,992 units annually, respectively. 4. However, 2,621 units of PC were used additionaly during this review due to increased number of oncology patients and better hemostatic therapy practiced during the same period. In conclusion, the concurrent review of transfusion requests was very effective tool to educate residents in clinical departments the transfusion medicine and improve utilization of blood and its components.
Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion* ; Concurrent Review* ; Humans ; Income ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Transfusion Medicine ; Utilization Review

The introduction of the strong clover-leafed nail combined with the principle of reaming out the medullary canal and the development of image intensifiers has been extended the indications of the in tramedullary nailing. In this report, an attempt was made to introduce the method and to verify the indications and advantage of retrograde intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures, as compared with the conventionally accepted methods.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humerus ; Methods

Lipomas of the heart are benign neoplasms and have rarely been described. Due to the fact that they normally cause no symptoms, diagnosis is often purely accidental. Because of the rarity of these tumors, it seems worthwhile to present an example studied at autopsy. It was associated with the sudden death of a 15-year-old boy. The tumor arose from the wall of the left ventricle and occupied the pericardial cavity, measuring 13x7x6 cm in size. The tumor was whitish-yellow, translucent, and soft. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of mature adipose tissue which extended between muscle fibers. This current case, the giant cardiac lipoma is believed to produce disturbances of the conduction system and distrubances of cardiac filling.

Fundus perimetry is the device that provides visualization of the fundus and the precise localization of the stimuli on it. With the increasing importance of the direct fundus perimetry for certain focal retinal morphologic abnormalities, the scanning laser ophthalmoscope[SLO]has been utilized as a system to eliminate some of the classic technical problems in fundus perimetry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal light sensitivity values for microperimetryusing SLO system. Thirty eyes of thirty normal subjects were examined in 60 degrees image field using stimuli of variable intensity. The maximal retinal distance point which responded to stimulus was recorded, point which responded to stimulus was recorded, and the distance[millimeter]from the fovea was calculated by the Bennett formula. The maximum distance from the fovea at the given stimulus intensity was measured as follows :0.7596 +/-0.5262millimeter at 28decibel, 2.2050 +/-0.5878millimeter at 26decibel, 3.0571 +/-0.7151millimeter at 24decibel, 4.3690 +/-1.0973millimeter at 22decibel, and 5.6557 +/-1.3458millimeter at 20decibel. In conclusion, we were able to establish the normal range of light sensitivity in Microperimery examination. It may serve as the baseline for subsequent study of retinal pathology and functional evaluation as well as its treatment.
Ophthalmoscopes* ; Pathology ; Photophobia ; Reference Values* ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Field Tests

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a main cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. There have been many studies about the inhibition of proliferative vitreoretinophthy with several drugs. Authors investigated the inhibitory effect of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal toxicity with various concentration of daunorubicin after intravitreal injection into the eyes of the pigmented rabbit. 7 pigment rabbit (11eyes) were used as subjects. After lensectomy and vitrectomy, control group was injected dermal fibroblast and F-BSS, and treatment group was injected dermal fibroblast and 5, 10, 15, 30 nmol Daunorubicin. At two weeks after intravitreal injection, both group were enucleated and examined with gross finding, light--microscopy, and electronmicroscopy. In all control group, proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found, but only preretinal membrane formation was found in 5, 10 nmol Daunorubicin injected group. In 15 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retina structure was preserved normally. In 30 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retinal outer segment was degenerated in microscopic finding. These results show that Daunorubicin has a potent effect on proliferative vitreoretinopathy, especially in 15 nmol, but retinal toxicity is suspected in marethan 30 nmol.
Daunorubicin* ; Fibroblasts ; Intravitreal Injections ; Membranes ; Retina ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Oxalobacter formigenes* ; Seoul*