No abstract available.
Basophils* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Placenta*

No abstract available.
Genome, Human* ; Human Genome Project* ; Humans ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Turner Syndrome*

OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate whether epidural analgesia of labor is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. METHOD: The study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation on the patients with singleton infants in vertex presentations who had been admitted and delivered at Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital from January, 1996 to December, 1996. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in incidence of cesarean delivery between nulliparous women receiving epidural analgesia(20.26%) and those who did not receive epidural analgesia(19.36%). But nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in operative vaginal delivery than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (0.08% of the no-epidural and 6.61% of the epidural group). 2. Among the indication for cesarean section, nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in incidence of failure to progress only than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (63.71% of the non-epidural and 84.78% of the epidural group). 3. There was no statistic significance in incidence of fetal distress only between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 4. There showed no significant difference in new born Apgar score between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 5. The subjective and objective successful epidural effects were noted excellent 22.91%, good 66.96% in nulliparous women and excellent 30.41%, good 61.48% in multiparous women. 6. Concerning complications of epidural anesthesia, backache was most frequent(8.00%), voiding difficulty, shivering, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, headache, dura puncture in orders. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study shows that epidural analgesia may increase substantially the risk of operative vaginal delivery and the incidence of cesarean delivery for which failure to progress only was listed as an indication in nulliparous women. Although the causal nature of this association remains open to debate, prenatal care providers should routinely discuss the risks and benefits of epidural analgesia with women during their pregnancies so that can make informed decisions about the use of pain relief during labor.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Back Pain ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Shivering

No abstract available.
Signal Transduction*

In our time the parent's role is changing from sexually differentiated to androgynous pattern. Mother's interaction with infant includes caring and father's interaction especially have play. Father and mother share the caring and play because they have complementary nature. Infants have a tendency to show more positive responses to their fathers than mothers in play situations. For that reason we can help the promotion of father's interaction with his infant. through ascertaining patterns of father-infant play interaction. This study was to find out patterns of father-infant play interaction in order to improve the interaction between father and infant. Data was video-taped from 6 fathers and infants who were healthy and first-timed and 7-11 weeks old in their houses. I used Father-Infant Play Interaction Scale that was applied to father instead of mother as a care-giver. The scale was checked up by experts in this field for content validity and the reliability was 0.95 in this study. The results were as follows; 1. Father's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about infant's cue. The mean score was 33.16(SD, 9.11). This mean they come up to the standard level of responses about infant's cue. 2. Infant's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about father's cue. The mean score was 7.00(SD, 3.10). This means they get the higher level of responses about father's cue. 3. The patterns of simultaneous responses occurred together between father and infant. The mean score was 9.58(SD, 3.96). This means they reach the standard level of simultaneous responses between father and infant. 4. The patterns of interactional behaviors occurred interpersonally between father and infant. The mean score was 49.75(SD, 15.80). This means they interact on the standard level of play interaction. In view of the results father's play interaction seems to reveal an average level and play patterns are similar to mother's. In order to ascertain definitely patterns of father-infant play interaction we need further research which has more subjects and variables to have important effects.
Cues ; Fathers ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Pilot Projects* ; Child Health

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans