No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.
Immune System* ; Neuropeptides* ; Substance P*

No Abstracts Available.
Asthma* ; Neuropeptides*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Excitatory Amino Acids* ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Glutamate* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*

A Prospective study was done about incidence and treatment of hemodynamically significant' patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Ewha University Hospital from Feb. 1984 for one year. The results were as follows; 1) Among 46 infants with birth weight less than 2,000gm and gestational period 36 wks, 15(32.6%) developed a hemodynamically significant PDA. 2) The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was six times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(73.3% vs 12.9%). 3) The need for ventilatory assistance was five times higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(80% vs 16.1%). 4) The mortality rate was 40% in PDA group, 15% in non-PDA group. 5) The ratio of left atrium to aorta(LA/AO) in M-mode echocardiography was significantly higher in PDA group than that of non-PDA group(1.21+/-0.18 vs 0.93+/-0.23). 6) Indomethacin treated with usual medical therapy resulted in ductal closure in 80%, 20% with usual medical therapy only. 7) The mean LA/AO ratio was significantly decreased after indomethacin treatment(1.15+/-0.13 vs 1.21+/-0.18). 8) The change of the value of plasma sodium and potassium was not significant during indomethacin therapy, whereas BUN, creatinine value was increased during treatment, but that was reversible.
Birth Weight ; Creatinine ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mortality ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium

The ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist is usually caused by carpal ganglion, occupational neuritis, ulnar artery disease, fractures of the carpal bones, tumors, rheumatioid arthritis, etc. The ganglion is the most common cause of the distal ulnar nerve entrapment. A fort-two years old woman complained of insidious motor weakness of the left hand. The electromyogram revealed distal ulnar nerve palsy. On examination, her sensibility of affected hand was normal; there were no Tinel's sign and palpable mass on the Guyon's canal and palm; there was obvious wasting of all the interossei. On surgical exploration, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve was compressed by a ganglion at the mid-palmar space, not in the Guyon's canal. Four months after removal, the clawing of the 4th and 5th fingers disappeared, and the pinch power of the left hand recovered normally seventeen months later.
Animals ; Arteries ; Arthritis ; Carpal Bones ; Female ; Fingers ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

During recent 3 years, the authors had treated surgically 31 patients who have had old nerve injuries. 19 patients(21 nerves) of them could be followed for more than 1 year after operation. Of these patients, children were 5 and adults were 14. The elapsed time from the injury were from 3 weeks to 20 months(18 cases under 6months and 3 cases above 6 months). The methods of operation were epineural suture(4 cases), grouped interfascicular suture(8 cases), neurolysis(8cases) and nerve graft(1 case). There were satisfactory or good results in 9 nerves of the 21 old nerve injuries. In 4 of 5 children and 5 of 16 adults, good results were obtained. There were 2, 6 satisfactory or good results in 4 epineural sutures and 8 grouped interfascicular sutures and all poor results in 8 neurolyses. One case treated with nerve graft with sural nerve was showed good result. 9 cases of 18 old injuried nerves under 6 months from injury were good results. All 3 cases over 6 months from injury were poor results.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Sural Nerve ; Sutures ; Transplants

The purpose of this study is to observe the changes in 99mTc-MDP uptake of the tibia during blood-flow and skeletal phases and determine the clear borderline between both phases. Serial 99mTc-MDP uptake measurements were performed, as control, in ten matured rabbits with skin incision only and in thirty matured rabbits with fractures of middle and distal one-third of tibia, at ten minutes, thirty minutes, one hour, two hours and four hours after injection of bolus. A value in uptake ratio was calculated by measurements of 99mTc-MDP uptake at each observation time for analogous regions of normal and fractured tibia applied with or without tourniquet. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Group I (skin incision only in ten rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio tibia was value of 1.05 at ten minutes, 0.97 at thirty minutes, 0.99 at one hour, 1.01 at two hours, 0.97 at three hours and 1.08 at four hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.61 at ten minutes, 0.64 at thirty minutes, 0.76 at one hour, 0.98 at two hours, 0.94 at three hours and 1.05 at four hours. 2. Group II (fracture with K-wire fixation in twenty rabbits) 1) Without tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake of tibia was value of 0.73 at ten minutes and 0.80 at two hours. 2) With tourniquet, the mean 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio of tibia was value of 0.45 at ten minutes and 0.76 at two hours. 3) There were no significant change of the 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio in two to four hours after fracture whether the tourniquet was applied on or not. 3. In cases with tourniquet application, there were no significant changes of 99mTc-MDP uptake ratio during two to four hours in group I anda II. This experiments suggest the optimal time for evaluation of the skeletal phase is in two hours following the injection of bolus (99mTc-MDP).
Rabbits ; Skin ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tibia ; Tourniquets

To establish in vivo antiviral evaluation system by using murine herpesvirus intracerebral infection model, 5-6 female BALB/c mice per group aged 5 weeks were inoculated i.c. into cerebrum with different inocular HSV-1 F. Signs of clinical disease noted everyday for one month. Observed were body weight decrease, neurological signs and death caused by encephalitis. Mice discontinued body weight decrease were recovered from the disease, and keratitis was often observed during recovery. The groups inoculated with higher than 1,000 PFU showed 100% mortaltiy and LD50 was <100 PFU/mouse. To study the effect of virus inoculum sizes on antiviral effect of acyclovir (ACV), mice inoculated with different inocula were administered i.p. with different doses of ACV immediately after infection, and twice a day for 5 days. The higher inculum size, the less protective. ED50 of ACV was >25, >25, 18.4 and 8.0mg/kg b.i.d. in the group infected with 1,000,000, 100,000, 10,000 and 1,000 PFU/mouse, respectively. LD50 of ACV was 62.5 mg/kg b.i.d. Therapeutic index of ACV was <2.5, <2.5, 3.0 and 7.0 in the groups with inocula 1,000,000, 100,000, 10,000 and 1,000 PFU/mouse, respectively. Inoculum size 1,000 PFU/mouse showing 100% mortaltiy and 5-6 days mean time to death, 5 days drug administration and 14 days observation will be future exeperimental conditions.
Acyclovir* ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cerebrum ; Encephalitis ; Female ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mice*

M-mode echocardiography has been demonstrated to be a sensitive indicator of the sequential changes occurring in the heart in systemic arterial hypertension. The changes in function as well as anatomic features have been recorded. Previous analysis has focused on the anatomy and systolic function of the left ventricle, analysed in hypertensive heart disease. 13 normal subjects(Group I), 14 hypertensive patients without evidence of cardiac involvement(Group II) and 13 hypertensive patients with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy(Group III) were compared using M-mode echocardiographic data and clinical. findings. The results are as follows : 1) Mean age are; Group I : 41 years(19-62), Group II : 49 years(25-67) and Group III : 53 years(30-83). There are no significant age difference between Group I and II. Sex ratio are 4:9, 8:6 and 7:6 respectively. 2) Mean arterial pressure are; Group I : 98+/-5mmHg, Group II : 126+/-7 mmHg and Group III : 131+/-101mmHg. 3) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness are; Group I : 0.87+/-0.12cm, Group II : 0.89+/-0.12cm and Group III : 1.32+/-0.18cm(p>0.05 in I vs II). 4) Left atrial dimension are; Group I : 2.77+/-0.68cm, Group II : 2.96+/-0.44cm and Group III: 3.12+/-0.60cm. 5) Left ventricular mass arel Group I : 194+/-51gm, Group II : 192+/-51gm and Group III : 318+/-77gm(p>0.05 in I vs II, p<0.001 in I vs II and II vs III). 6) Ejection fraction are; Group I : 0.57+/-0.09, Group II : 0.60+/-0.01 and Group III : 0.52+/-0.01)p>0.05). 7) Mitral valve EF solpe are; Group I : 113.70+/-23.26mm/sec, Group II : 81.14+/-17.22mm/sec and Group III : 69.92+/-22.70mm/sec(p<0.05 in I vs II, p<0.001 in I vs III and II vs III). 8) AEI are; Group I : 0.70+/-0.04, Group II : 0.56+/-0.07 and Group III: 0.48+/-0.07)p<0.001 in I vs II, I vs III and II vs III). From the above results, the atrial emptying index seems to be an early indicator of abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic compliance in hypertensive patients.
Arterial Pressure ; Compliance ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitral Valve ; Sex Ratio