No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety* ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: This investigation was carried out to understand how various gender role identity in adolescence affect sexual intercourse. In addition, it was done to support and encourage gender role identity which can protect themselves from physical, psychological, social sexuality. METHOD: From 2003 7.1 to 7.19, questionnaire made by Lee BS(2002) was distributed to 1172 girl high school students in Seoul. Its reliability was as high as 0.80 and it was analysed by SPSS. RESULT: In the 3 kinds of gender role identity, girls who had sexual relations showed higher feminity and masculinity and did not show any difference in social desirability. in the 4 kinds of gender role identity, girls with sexual experience showed higher frequency in oder of androgyny and undifferentiated. In 8kinds, bisexuality was higher and girls with experience showed undifferentiated of low social desirability. There were no difference between the gender role identity and the age of the first sexual experience. The factors that affected gender role identity were school, grade, economic standard and whether they have a girlfriend or boyfriend. CONCLUSION: Programs that focus on problem solving of sexual education for androgyny of sexually high experienced and undifferentiated of low social desirability, should be provided.
Adolescent ; Bisexuality ; Coitus* ; Education ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Masculinity ; Problem Solving ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Sexuality ; Social Desirability

No abstract available.
Hand*

The authors reviewed retrospectively retinal detachment(RD)s following posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) implantation by transscleral suture fixation. One hundred twenty-two transscleral fixations of PC-IOL were performed from January, 1990 to December, 1992. The follow-up periods for this series ranged from 12 to 42 months. Six retinal detachments developed in this series. and the incidence of RD was 4.9%. There was no statistical difference between the primary operation group(unplanned posterior capsule rupture during extracapsular cataract extraction, lens dislocation/subluxation) and the secondary operation group(already aphakia after previous cataract surgery). The predisposing factors to RD were myopic eye(p=0.03), postoperative vitreous hemorrhage(p=0.001). In cases with RD, the locations of transscleral fixation sutures almost coincided with the meridians of the retinal breaks. The contributing factors to increased incidence of RD were thought to be vitreous loss during operations, vitreous traction by suturing needle or haptics of IOL, proliferative change by vitreous hemorrhage.
Aphakia ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Causality ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Meridians ; Needles ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Traction ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We recently noticed four cases of Vibrio(V.) vulnificus infection from July, 1985 to September, 1985. The V. vulnificus was isolated by culture from the necrotizirig skin bullae in three cases, blood culture in two cases, and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in one case. The clinical characteristics of V. vulnificus infection in our cases was as follows: 1)All patients were men with their age over forties and the outbreak of the disease was during the summer season. 2) It was suspected that all patients had the previous hepatic problems. 3) The skin lesions showing bullae in three patients and subcutaneous nodules in one patient were noticed. 4) Two patients were showed positive in blood culture and one of thern also showed positive in lesional skin, urine and CSF. Lesional skin culture showed positive in three patients. 5) The isolated v. ulnificus was sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and cefobid. 6) Two patients died due to sepsis within 48 hours after liospitalization and one patient died due to hepatic failure.
Cefoperazone ; Chloramphenicol ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Liver Failure ; Male ; Seasons ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between physical suffering, emotional state, and nursing needs of pregnant women in preterm labor and the difference depending on general characteristics. METHODS: The participants in this descriptive survey, selected by convenience sampling, were 126 pregnant women who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with preterm labor at 3 university hospitals. RESULTS: The level of personal hygiene was assessed in physical suffering, level of fear was assessed by the emotional state, and level of perterm labor was assessed by the nursing cares. In the analysis, physical suffering, emotional state, and nursing needs in the subjects all showed a significantly positive correlation. Differences in physical suffering, emotional state, and nursing needs depending on general characteristics were as follows: age, job, family type, economic condition, smoking, drinking admission days, previous delivery type, and artificial insemination. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the nurse should focus on the domain of personal hygiene, and teaching contents specific for abdominal breathing exercises for relieving the women's fear and anxiety should be added.
Anxiety ; Breathing Exercises ; Drinking ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Insemination, Artificial ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Oxygen* ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: In the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells do not undergo apoptosis after separation from the basement membrane. In order to investigate the mechanism by which RPE cells resist apoptosis in PVR, the expression of focal adhesion kinase after cryotherapy was studied. METHODS: After lensectomy and vitrectomy was performed on rabbit eyes, a retinal tear was created. Cryotherapy was applied to the tear site one week after the tear creation. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 7 days after the tear formation and 30 minutes, 1, 4, 7, 9, 21 days after cryotherapy. Eyes were stained with anti-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) antibody. RESULTS: Expression of FAK increased after the tear formation and remained increased until 21days after cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that creation of a retinal tear and cryotherapy increases FAK expression and may contribute to resistance to apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Basement Membrane ; Cryotherapy* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Focal Adhesions* ; Phosphotransferases ; Rabbits ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor of endothelial cell origin. Most lesions of cutaneous angiosarcoma occur over the face and scalp. We experienced a case of angiosarcoma of the scalp in a 63-year-old man. Multiple pea-sized erythematous papules and nodules developed on the forehead 6 months ago. Thereafter, the lesions have extended to make violaceous, compressible and hemorrhagic plaques. On histologic examination, there were irregular, often anastomosing vascular channels lined by the atypical endothelial cells in the dermis.
Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Forehead ; Hemangiosarcoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Scalp*