Corneal endothelial damages following Nd: YAG laser application were evaluated rabbits. The first group underwent anterior capsulotomy, while the second group received laser applications at the corneal center and anterior capsule. The rabbits were evaluated with the intraocular pressure, the corneal endothelial cell number, the thickness of the corneal center, and the morphologic change of the cornea, before laser application and at postaplication 1 day, 7 day, and 14 day. But the endothelium was damaged when laser shots were applied at the cornea center and anterior caps ulotomy. In ophthalmologic procedure with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the minimal effective poser should be selected, the laser beam should be applicated on extremely fine focus and contact lens should be used to minimize the corneal endothelial injury.
Cornea ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Rabbits

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a pre-operation video assisted education program on residual urine, gas passing and state anxiety in women undergoing hysterectomy. METHODS: Nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for the study. In the research, video assisted education program was applied to the experimental group while a similar conventional education was done to the control group. The pre-operation state anxiety and post-operation residual urine and gas discharge of both the groups were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: The experimental group was significantly higher than control group on gas passing (t=3.04, p=.00). However the residual urine (t=0.34, p=.73) and state anxiety (t=0.81, p=.82) did not make significant differences. CONCLUSION: This study is very meaningful in that it developed and provided a nursing intervention can positively affect hysterectomy patients. The pre-operation video assisted education program may be an effective nursing intervention that is clinically practical and useful to reduce time of the gas passing of hysterectomy patients after the operation.
Anxiety ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the nursing students' job-esteem. METHODS: The data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2011 using questionnaires. The subjects were recruited from the department of nursing at a college in Kyungnam. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. RESULTS: The significantly factor which is a variable predicting best job-esteem of college nursing students by ability and opportunity to getting accounting for 13.4% (beta=.277) of the prediction, followed by work conditions, lifestyles, and sense of honor that accounted for 27.6%. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, nursing educational program and curriculum development should give nursing students a variety of experience for their career.
Accounting ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Life Style ; Personal Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Values ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand depression in women with endometriosis and to identify the factors influencing depression. METHOD: The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory for depression, Lemaire Scale for endometriosis syndrome, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community form (MUIS-C), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Quality of Life (Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire; EHP-5) by Jones et al. The Subjects of Study were 118 outpatients diagnosed with endometriosis from 7 hospitals in Busan City and Kyungsangnam-do. Data was collected from Aug 1, 2004 to Jan 31, 2005. For statistical analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used with the SPSS statistical program. RESULT: The general characteristic showing a statistically significant difference in depression in the women with endometriosis was marital status. The score of the depression showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of endometriosis TSD(r= .464, p= .000), uncertainty(r= .393, p= .000), and quality of life(r= .543, p= .000). Depression showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of self esteem(r= - .557, p= .000). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of depression in the women with endometriosis was self-esteem (R2=0.311). A combination of self esteem, quality of life, and total symptom distress accounted for 50.0% of the variance in depression in women with endometriosis. CONCLUSION: The influencing factor on depression in women with endometriosis was self- esteem, quality of life, and endometriosis TSD. Further studies need to be done to identify methods of overcoming and the presentation of depression in endometriosis.
Self Concept ; *Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Endometriosis/*psychology ; Depression/*etiology/psychology ; Adult

Spontaneous remission(SR) of acute leukemia is an extremely rare event. The precise incidence of SR in acute myeloid leukemia(AML) could not be assessed accurately because the majority of patients usually received induction chemotherapy within a few days after diagnosis. The mechanisms of SR are still not completely understood; therefore, the study of them is expected to contribute to the treatment of acute leukemia. We report a case of AML with SR, observed in a 23-year-old male who experienced severe infection and transfusions, with a brief review of the literature.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Male ; Remission, Spontaneous* ; Young Adult

Purpose: For college students, poor eating habits can cause problems with adult health. This study investigated the status of sweet food intake and the degree of stress in college students in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas to provide a basis for nutrition education by analyzing the relationship between stress and sugar intake. Methods: The subjects were 760 college students, and the survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis for collected data was performed using SPSS (version 21.0). Results: The stress score showed higher stress in female students. Females had more stress in their employment and study-related problems than males. For changes in food intake under stress, the intake was increased greatly in females than in males. For food preference changes before and after stress, males preferred more spicy foods and less salty foods after stress. After stress, females significantly preferred sweeter and spicier foods and less salty, sour, and bitter foods. The intake of sweet foods by stress factors showed that the intake of snacks was higher under the condition of ‘worry, fatigue, and tension’, and the intake of beverages was increased significantly under the condition of ‘anger and aggression’. Conclusion Sweet foods were preferred under stress, and the amount of intake was increased. Education on food selection and nutrition information should be provided to prevent health problems that can be developed by the reckless intake of sweet foods. Active guidance is needed for college students to select the proper snacks instead of nutritionally insufficient foods to relieve stress.

Purpose: For college students, poor eating habits can cause problems with adult health. This study investigated the status of sweet food intake and the degree of stress in college students in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas to provide a basis for nutrition education by analyzing the relationship between stress and sugar intake. Methods: The subjects were 760 college students, and the survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis for collected data was performed using SPSS (version 21.0). Results: The stress score showed higher stress in female students. Females had more stress in their employment and study-related problems than males. For changes in food intake under stress, the intake was increased greatly in females than in males. For food preference changes before and after stress, males preferred more spicy foods and less salty foods after stress. After stress, females significantly preferred sweeter and spicier foods and less salty, sour, and bitter foods. The intake of sweet foods by stress factors showed that the intake of snacks was higher under the condition of ‘worry, fatigue, and tension’, and the intake of beverages was increased significantly under the condition of ‘anger and aggression’. Conclusion Sweet foods were preferred under stress, and the amount of intake was increased. Education on food selection and nutrition information should be provided to prevent health problems that can be developed by the reckless intake of sweet foods. Active guidance is needed for college students to select the proper snacks instead of nutritionally insufficient foods to relieve stress.

From March, 1988 to August, 1989, the authors performed nasolacrimal duct reconstruction with Pyrex glass tube without bony perforation in 26 eyes of 25 patients who has chronic dacryocystitis with nasolacrinal duct obstruction. This method is implantation of permanent indwelling pyrex glasstube from base of the sac through the interosseous canal into the vault of inferior nasal meatus and there are several advantages in this method; The technique is more simple and less traumatic than other dacryocystorhinostomy, tear drainage inferioly prevents pooling of tear in inferior portion of lacrimal sac after surgery, normal anatomic relationships are retained and less postoperative care is required. The results were as follows: 1. Success was achieved in 24 of 26 cases including partial success. 2. Postoperative complications were developed that hypertrophic scar 2 cases, superficial punctate keratitis 1 case, wound infection 1 case, nasal bleeding 1 case.
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Dacryocystitis ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Drainage ; Epistaxis ; Glass* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; Tears ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Ezetimibe* ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Mean Platelet Volume*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cardiovascular disease risk factors and depression are associated with the frequency of self-report in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomly selected men more then 40 years of age who visited the department of urology between January 2005 and July 2008 were evaluated by clinical examination and questionnaires. Trained doctors assessed the participants by using structured questionnaires that included medical history as well as report of ED. All participants were evaluated for cardiovascular disease risk factors. The group with unreported ED was defined as men with an International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score of < or =21 who did not self-report ED. The group with self-reported ED was defined as men as above who self-reported ED. Symptoms of depression were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: The mean age of a total of 459 enrolled patients was 53.4+/-7.8 years. The overall frequency of ED was 39.8%. Of the total study group, 25.9% were categorized in the unreported ED group and 13.9% in the self-reported ED group. The men with self-reported ED had significantly severe forms of ED and a higher frequency of cardiovascular disease risk factors than did the men with unreported ED. Moreover, the self-reported ED group had a significantly higher frequency of symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that men with self-reported ED had a higher frequency of cardiovascular disease risk factors and symptoms associated with depression than did men with unreported ED. Furthermore, men with self-reported ED had more severe ED than did men with unreported ED.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Depression ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Urology