No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Prevalence* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Thorax*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to exam the effect of a biomedical ethics education program on the consciousness of biomedical ethics, moral sensitivity and critical thinking disposition in nursing students. METHOD: A quasi-experimental research design and repeated measured ANOVA were used. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n=148) and a control group (n=169). Each group underwent freshman university nursing training in two major cities. The mean age was 21.3 years and the time of providing the biomedical ethics education program was 15 hours for 15 weeks. The experimental group was provided biomedical ethics education during the semester; the control group was not provided any biomedical ethics education. RESULTS: The consciousness of biomedical ethics was increased significantly in the experimental group (t=-4.724, p<.001). Moral sensitivity was increased significantly in the experimental group (t=-2.021, p<.004). Critical thinking disposition was increased significantly in the experimental group (t=-5.775, p×.001). CONCLUSION: The results of the study show that providing biomedical ethics education to nursing students is an effective method to increase the consciousness of biomedical ethics, moral sensitivity and critical thinking disposition.
Bioethics* ; Consciousness ; Education* ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Research Design ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking

M-mode, pulsed Doppler and Doppler color flow mapping, in addition to two-dimensional echocardiography, have greatly improved imaging of the fetal heart through identification of abnormal cardiac anatomy and rhythm in utero. The early detection of cardiac disturbance in utero permits alteration in obstetric management such as delivery in a high-risk center for optimal neonatal care and/or decision in optimal delivery time. We report two cases of the neonatal arrhy-thmia which were observed by fetal echocardiography. In the first case, female baby showed neonatal arrhythmias including tachycardia and brady-cardia until 3 days after birth, and then turned to bradyarrhythmia due to non-conducted atrial bigeminy. These events lead us to review the fetal echocardiographs of the patient carefully. Premature atrial contractions were observed in her fetal echocardiography. At 2 months after birth, the patient's electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. Severe neonatal bradycardia of the second case was due to congenital complete heart block, identified clearly by electrocardiogram after birth. This case also showed complete heart block in her fetal echocardiography. After insertion of the temporary pacemaker, cardiomegaly was improved. Both the neonate and the mother had positive anti-SSA/Ro autoantibody. But any other symptoms and signs of neonatal lupus did not appear in the neonate. Patient's mother also did not show any symptoms and signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Since the prognosis depends upon the cause of bradyarrhythmia in fetus and neonates, differential diagnosis is important in obstetric management and optimal neonatal treatment.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Premature Complexes ; Bradycardia ; Cardiomegaly ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Fetus ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Tachycardia

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seminal vesicle fluid (SVF) on the acrosome reaction (AR) occurred spontaneously or induced by Ca2+ ionophore A23187, follicular fluid, and progesterone in mouse epididymal sperm. SVF was divided into high (MW>10 kM)) and low (MW<10 kD) fractions by ultrafiltration. The low MW fraction of SVF decreased the rate of spontaneous AR, however the high MW fraction did not. It suggested that the low MW fraction of SVF might have contained decapacitation factor(s) responsible for prolonging of time need for capacitation. When sperm preincubated for 60 min in the presence of SVF, the rate of AR induced by A23187 was decreased, but prolongation of preincubation time for 120 min significantly potentiated the AR by A23187. It suggested that addition of SVF into sperm preincubation medium imposed the epididymal sperm a condition similar to ejaculation. AR induced by human follicular fluid or progesterone was also inhibited by SVF. It suggested that substance in SVF might have affected AR of mouse sperm by inhibiting the interaction between AR inducing ligands and sperm surface receptors involved in acrosomal exocytosis.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Animals ; Calcimycin ; Ejaculation ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Follicular Fluid ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice* ; Progesterone ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Spermatozoa* ; Ultrafiltration

To evaluate the character, management and clinical results of the posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery, we retrospectively studied the cataract surgeries that were performed between May 1989 and Decemeber 1991. We discovered 64 eyes in which the posterior capsule was torn. The overall incidence of this complication was 4.4%. Our chart review of these surgical procedure revealed that the tear occurred most frequently during the nucleus removal(44%), occured more frequently at the periphery than the center and the extent was mostly below one-third of the whole posterior capsular surface(75%). We performed vitrectomy(58%) and peripheral iridectomy(14%). Posterior capsular lenses were implallted in 56 cases. The predicted power of lens calculated with SRK-II fomula and manufacturer's A-constant was approximately 0.46 diopter less than actual postoperative refraction. Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 73% of the 64 cases. Our results revealed that when properly managed, a torn posterior capsule is compatible with an excellent visual outcome.
Cataract* ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Necrosis* ; Subcutaneous Fat*

Four thoroughbred horses showing lameness, ataxia, circling, depression, recumbency, and seizures, were examined. The horses had gross, pale- to dark-red manifestations and foci in the central nervous system (CNS). Multifocal to coalescing eosinophilic necrotizing encephalomyelitis was observed histologically in the CNS along with intact or degenerated nematodes. Nematodes had polymyarian-coelomyarian musculature, a smooth thin cuticle, and intestines lined by multinucleated cells with microvilli. These traits suggested the nematodes belonged to the family Protostrongylidae, which includes Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. It was concluded that the horses were infected by nematodes, presumably Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, resulting in eosinophilic necrotizing encephalomyelitis.
Ataxia ; Central Nervous System ; Depression ; Encephalomyelitis* ; Eosinophils* ; Horses* ; Humans ; Intestines ; Microvilli ; Parasites* ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To describe the ocular surface and tear function findings in premature and term babies. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 30 premature babies and 60 eyes of 30 healthy term babies were studied. The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations: corneal sensitivity test, corneal fluorescein test, Schirmer test with anesthesia, tear breakup time test, lipid layer pattern test and conjuctival impression cytology. RESULTS: The mean corneal sensitivity scores were 35.2+/-5.0 mm and 54.2+/-3.7 mm in the premature and term babies, respectively (P<0.001). The mean Schirmer test score with anesthesia was 6.1+/-1.1 mm in the premature babies compared with 8.9+/-1.1 mm in the term babies (P<0.001). Premature babies had a mean lipid layer pattern score of 7.6+/-0.6 points, compared with 7.7+/-0.7 points in the term babies (P>0.001). Mean squamous metaplasia scores were 1.05+/-0.59 in the premature and 0.18+/-0.39 in the term babies (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Premature infants had decreased tactile corneal sensitivity and reduced basal tear secretion as compared with full term infants. The premature infants did not have severe ocular surface disease from dry eyes because the lipid layers provide a protective effect for the ocular surface.
Anesthesia ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Metaplasia ; Tears*

PURPOSE: To describe the ocular surface and tear function findings in premature and term babies. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 30 premature babies and 60 eyes of 30 healthy term babies were studied. The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations: corneal sensitivity test, corneal fluorescein test, Schirmer test with anesthesia, tear breakup time test, lipid layer pattern test and conjuctival impression cytology. RESULTS: The mean corneal sensitivity scores were 35.2+/-5.0 mm and 54.2+/-3.7 mm in the premature and term babies, respectively (P<0.001). The mean Schirmer test score with anesthesia was 6.1+/-1.1 mm in the premature babies compared with 8.9+/-1.1 mm in the term babies (P<0.001). Premature babies had a mean lipid layer pattern score of 7.6+/-0.6 points, compared with 7.7+/-0.7 points in the term babies (P>0.001). Mean squamous metaplasia scores were 1.05+/-0.59 in the premature and 0.18+/-0.39 in the term babies (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Premature infants had decreased tactile corneal sensitivity and reduced basal tear secretion as compared with full term infants. The premature infants did not have severe ocular surface disease from dry eyes because the lipid layers provide a protective effect for the ocular surface.
Anesthesia ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Metaplasia ; Tears*