No abstract available.
Hernia, Inguinal*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male*

In an attempt to discover the factors contributing to the increased proliferative activity in hepatocytes and subsequent development of HCC, the proliferative activity of hepatocytes was compared with the size of regenerative nodules and HBcAg expression status in the surrounding nontumorous liver of 45 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas, including 34 HBV related ones. In the tumor, the difference in proliferative activity and the histological grade was analyzed in terms of p53 gene alteration. The proliferative activity was assessed by immunohistochemical methods using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. HBcAg expression in the surrounding nontumorous liver correlated with both the inflammatory and proliferative activity of hepatocytes (p<0.05). p53 overexpression was associated with high proliferative activity and aggressive phenotype of tumor. No correlation was observed between the proliferative activity of hepatocytes and the size of regenerative nodules in cirrhosis (p>0.05). p53 overexpression was not evident in surrounding nontumorous liver including cirrhosis. In conclusion, the above results are in line with the view that hepatic carcinogenesis is a mutistep, progressive process. In the initial stage, chronic cellular injury incurred by immumologic reaction against HBcAg seems to play a pivotal role in increased cellular regeneration. However, once transformation of hepatocytes occur the major contributor to tumor growth seems to be alteration in p53 tumor suppresor gene.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Fibrosis ; Genes, p53 ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens* ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatocytes ; Liver* ; Phenotype ; Regeneration

No abstract available.
Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Syringomyelia*

Proliferating cell nuclear ntigen (FCNA) iis a nuclear protein that is syntheaimd in late Gl and S phases of cell cycle and is correlated with the cell proliferative stale. The recent study demonstrated that FCNA functions in 13NA replication. The present study evaluated proliferetive iindices (PI) for the assessment of tumor proliferation and for investigating prognostic significancx, in cervical tumors. lmmunohiatoehemical PCNA staining was perfurmed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissues via the avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase methad. Mean PI was 36.03+/-5.14% in normaI controls, as compared to 66.19+/-11.36% in cerviml intraepithelial neoplasia. and 63.19+/-10.94% in invasive cervical cancer. Our results showed no significant correlation between Pll and histological type. Among invasive cervical cancer (24 cases), PI waa 64.43+/-10.94% in squamoua cell carcinoma and 59.00+/-4.10% in adenocarcinoma. There was no eipiifiant relationship between Fl and clinical etage, and between PI and lesion size. This study auggeste that Pl may not serve as a new prognostie factor in cervical tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cell Cycle ; Nuclear Proteins ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; S Phase ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

In order to clarify the preneoplastic nature of large regenerative nodules without dysplastic change, we analysed the clonality of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and large nodules, diameter > or =0.5 cm, of cirrhotic liver by X-linked human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene assay, using the principle of random X chromosome methylation and inactivation in female. Ten cases of HCC and 5 cases of large nodules without dysplasia from 9 female patients were selected. All the tumors, large nodules and paired normal control cells were selectively microdissected from deparaffinized hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Genomic DNA was isolated and digested with HhaI. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplication of the HUMARA locus was performed using 32P-a-dCTP containing PCR mixtures. The PCR amplified products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analysed by autoradiography. Nine HCCs from 8 patients were monoclonal and 1 case was polyclonal and the remaining 1 case was not polymorphic at the HUMARA locus. The HCC case which showed polyclonality contained many inflammatory cells. All the large nodules were polyclonal by HUMARA assay. These results suggest that all or most of the cells composing the large regenerative nodules without dysplasia are polyclonal. This assay may be informative for the differentiation between regenerative and preneoplastic nodules in cirrhotic liver and the size of nodule may be not important in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Autoradiography ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Liver ; Methylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Androgen ; X Chromosome

To understand better the complex natural course of HBV infection, the expression patterns of HBcAg and HBsAg in the liver of 51 inactive serum HBsAg carriers (24 CPH and 27 NPD) were studied by immunohistochemical methods. The inactive serum HBsAg carriers were devided into 3 groups by the following expression patterns of serum HBeAg/anti-HBe status and tissue HBcAg and HBsAg. Pattern A (18 cases) : HBeAg+, cHBcAg+ (94.4%), mHBsAg+ (61.1%), pATTERN B (14 cases) : anti-HBe+, nHBcAg+, cHBsAg+, Pattern C (19 cases) : anti-HBe+, HBcAg-, cHBsAg+ (89.5%). There were no significant differences between CPH and NPD, lthough the core free pattern was more common in the latter. The cHBcAg was expressed in 17 of 18 (94.4%) HBeAg seropositive cases but only one of 33 cases with serum anti-HBe, suggesting that the cHBcAg is intimately related to HBeAg. Since the inactive HBsAg carriers also expressed cHBcAg and/or mHBsAg, the necro-inflammatory activity of HBV infected liver is assumed to depend on the host immune response rather than their presence alone

This study is aimed to elucidate the biological nature of the precancerous lesions and to evaluate whether the ethanol alters 3'-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used for the experiment and divided into 6 groups according to 3'-Me-DAB and ethanol administration. Administration of the drugs were carried out daily by nasogastric tube insertion and the animals were sacrificed at different interval. A part of right lateral lobe was prepared for the histological examination. Cell kinetics of the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The administration of 3'-Me-DAB induced oval cell proliferation, hyperplastic nodule, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma in the liver. The mean labelling indices, the percentages of BrdU labelled cells, of hepatocytes were increased by administration of 3'-Me-DAB, only to reverse after cessation of the drug (2.58 vs 0.61). The labelling indices of the oval cells were also affected by the administration and cessation of 3'-Me-DAB (11.41 vs 4.48). In contrast, the cholangiofibrosis did not decrease but were still increasing following cessation of 3'-Me-DAB administration (4.37 vs 5.17 and 8.25 vs 11.29). These finding that the hyperplastic nodule and particularly the cholangiofibrosis have an autonomous proliferative potential and are definite precancerous lesions in the experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Short term administration of ethanol decreased the incidence of development of the precancerous lesions, but did not affect the labelling indices in all the pathologic lesions of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

We report a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a coexisting occult sclerosing papillary carcinoma. This rare case, in that the two types of carcinoma are completely separated and not intermixed together, is different from the previously reported mixed follicular and parafollicular cell carcinomas of the thyroid gland, so-called "differentiated thyroid carcinoma, intermediate type". The two separate tumors of the present case are undoubtedly of coincidental double primaries, and it can be a assumed that at least some of the mixed follicular and parafollicular cell carcinomas are results of collision of carcinomas derived from two embryogenetically different cell types.

In view of the possible role of portal circulation in hematogenous spread of Candida species, a case of hepatic candidiasis occurred in an eight-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated by chemotherapy is presented. Symptoms and signs referable to the hepatic disease in this patient included hepatomegaly, icteric sclera and abdominal pain. There were no particular manifestations suggestive of deep mycotic involvement of any sepcific organs or tissues other than the liver. Culture of the blood was negative for one month. On the 24th hospital day the patient died with the presumptive diagnosis of ALL, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, cholecystitis and oral thrush. A needle necropsy was performed and revealed fungal aggregates replacing the large foci of hepatic cell loss. It is suggested that, when the gastrointestinal tract serves as the portal of entry, the liver could be the visceral organ involved first in the course of disseminated candidiasis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans