No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

The present study was performed to provide an anatomical basis of the coracoacromial (CA) arch and the articular surfaces of the scapula which can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of some common shoulder problems. The standard dimensions and the range of variation of the CA arch, the acromial articular surface and the glenoid cavity were investigated in 114 dry scapulae obtained from 57 (male, 35 ; female, 22) Korean cadavers ranging in age from 18 to 97 years (average age of 67). The results were as follows : 1. The length (46.3mm), width(25.2mm), thickness (8.2mm) and height (4.5mm) of the acromion were measured. The length, width and thickness were significantly larger in the males. The slope of the acromion was 51.5°, and the slope of the scapular spine was 118.5°. 2. The height (13.5mm), slope of the root (138.4°) and the horizontal part (25.3°) of the coracoid process, and the angle between the root and the horizontal part (106.6°) were measured. There were no significant differences between sexes and sides in all morphometric values related to the coracoid process. 3. The length (67.6mm) and height (24.7mm) of the CA arch, the height of the CA ligament from the supraglenoid tubercle (13.1mm), and length of the CA ligament (27.6mm) were measured. Both the length and height of the CA arch and the length of the CA ligament were significantly larger in the males. The slope and anterior and posterior angles of the CA arch were 16.8°, 42.2°, and 34.7°, respectively. 4. The long (13.8mm) and short (8.0mm) diameters of the acromial articular surface were measured, and both diameters were significantly longer in the males. The acromial articular surface was 8.4mm away from the tip of the acromion and extended 1.4mm inferiorly below the inferior surface of the acromion. 5. The long (34.8mm) diameter, and superior (15.0mm), middle (19.5mm), and inferior (25.6mm) short diameters of the glenoid cavity were measured. The long and both superior and inferior short diameters were significantly longer in the males.
Acromion ; Cadaver ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glenoid Cavity ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Scapula* ; Shoulder ; Spine

No abstract available.
Autonomic Nervous System* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Social Workers

No abstract available.
Agranulocytosis* ; Granulocytes* ; Humans

PURPOSE: We compared prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction after performing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) according to a preoperative PSA value of 4 ng/ml and analyzed the meaning of elevation of the preoperative PSA value over 4 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the PSA level and prostate volume by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), urine flow rate, residual urine volume, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) preoperatively and at 1 year after performing TURP in 61 clinically diagnosed BPH patients who had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We enrolled the 61 patients into 2 groups according to their preoperative PSA level relative to 4 ng/ml and compared the PSA reduction ratio (postoperative PSA level/preoperative PSA level), prostate volume reduction ratio, preoperative prostate volume, resected prostate volume, preoperative residual urine volume, preoperative maximal flow rate, and IPSS in each group. RESULTS: In the preoperative PSA group > or =4 ng/ml, the PSA reduction ratio was significantly lower than the PSA group <4 ng/ml and there were significant differences between the two groups in total IPSS, obstructive score, and preoperative maximal urine flow rate but no significant differences in preoperative prostate volume, prostate volume reduction ratio, or resected prostate volume. CONCLUSIONS: Marked PSA reduction after performing TURP was achieved in members of the preoperative PSA group > or =4 ng/ml, who are expected to have more severe bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive or active application of primer and coat times of bond on the shear bond strength when a self-etching primer adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to enamel surface. Crowns of sixteen human molars were selected. Buccal and lingual enamels of crowns were partially exposed and slabs of 1.2 mm thick were made. They were divided into one of four equal groups (n = 8). Group 1: passive application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 2: active application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 3: passive application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond, Group 4: active application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond. Clearfil AP-X was bonded to enamel suface of each group using Tygon tubes. The bonded specimens were subjected to microshear bond strength (uSBS) testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The uSBS of Group 1 was the lowest among groups and the uSBS of Group 4 was the highest. 2. There was not statistically significant interaction between enamel uSBS by application method of Primer and coat time of Bond (p > 0.05). 3. There was not statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by passive and active application of Primer (p > 0.05). 4. There was statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by one- and two-coat of Bond (p < 0.05).
Adhesives ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; Molar

PURPOSE: We aimed to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy in patients with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by consideration of prostatic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation was conducted prospectively in 413 patients with a PSA level of 4 to 10 ng/ml from January 2004 to December 2009. All patients underwent the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or voided bladder urine 3 (VB3) test to be classified into two groups: positive group and negative group. Patients with a positive result on the EPS or VB3 test were treated with antibiotics for 2 months, and in cases in which the PSA level remained high, we performed prostate biopsy. In patients with a negative result on the VB3 test, we performed prostate biopsy directly. RESULTS: Of the 413 study patients, 215 (52%) patients had positive findings on the EPS or VB3 test. After 8 weeks of antibiotics therapy, 53 of the 215 men avoided prostate biopsy because their PSA level was normalized. The other patients (162 of 215) still had elevated PSA levels of more than 4 ng/ml, including 7 patients in whom the biopsy revealed cancer. Patients with negative findings (198 of 413) underwent prostate biopsy. Of the 198 patients, 41 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The total prostate cancer detection rate was 11.6% in our subjects, where as it was 20.7% in the patients with negative findings on the EPS or VB3 and 3.3% in the patients with positive findings, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In cases in which the PSA level is increasing, if we first exclude prostatitis and carry out a serial diagnostic procedure, it may help to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare results of the macroscopic one-layer vasovasostomy with those of microscopic one-layer vasovasostomy and to analyze the change of semen parameters according to the interval of vasal obstruction. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Between March 1987 and December 1997, we performed 121 vasovasostomies using modified one-layer technique with loupe magnification (macroscopic vasovasostomy) or microscope. Among the 68 could be followed post-operatively, 37 patients were treated by macroscopic technique with loupe, and 31 patients by microscopic technique. We compared rates of anatomical patency (sperm count above than 10x106/ml) and pregnancy of macroscopic vasovasotomy with those of microscopic vasovasostomy. Patency and pregnancy fates according to vasal obstructive interval were also examined. RESULTS: The patency rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 86.5% and 87.1%, and pregnancy rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 64.9% and 67.7%. There was no statistical significance between these two methods (p>0.05). The pregnancy rates and sperm motility were decreased if more than 10 years had elapsed following vasectomy(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We found little difference in success rates resulting from macroscopic and microscopic vasovasostomy and the former had the advantage of reduced cost and a lower operator skill level. in post-operative semen analysis, the sperm motility was the most probable factor associated with vasal obstructive interval.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Vasovasostomy*