Breast feeding is one of many factors that have been associated with the development of lower respiratory tract illnesses. To assess the relation between breast feeding and subsequent experience of lower respiratory tract illness, we performed this study, retrospectively, on 366 infants who had been admitted to the pediatric ward, St. Francisco General Hospital, or had been brought to the well baby clinic from November, 1992 to March, 1993. The results were as foolows: 1) Among 366 infants, the number of all first illnesses observed at each interval were 259 cases (70.8%), of which 198 (54.1%) were associated with wheezing illnesses and 61 (16.7%) with non-wheezing lower respiratory illnesses. 2) Duration of breast feeding regardless of-whether other foods were given, was categorized as 3 grups, i. e., none or for less than a month (group), one to 4 months (group B), and 4 or more months (group C). Incidences of wheezing illnesses in the first 4 months of life were lower in group B(10.1%) and group C (8.4%) than group A (27.3%), respectively (p<0.01). Wheezing illnesses beyond 4 months of life and non-wheezing illnesses in all intervals seemed to be unrelated to the duration of breast feeding. 3) Considering a variety of other fisk factors, including sharing a room, parental childhood reapiratory trouble, sex and maternal education, children who received minimal breast feeding (group A) had the greater risk of early wheezing illnesses in the simultaneous exposure to sharing a room than group B and C (p<0.005). Our results suggest that decreased breast feeding is associated with a higher incidence of wheezing illnesses in the first 4 months of life, particularly in combination with other risk factors, such as sharing a room.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Child ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Parents ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory System* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The infection rate of intestinal parasites has been abruptly decreased during a couple of decades, but the report that Clonorchis sinensis has been decreased in infection rate was not shown. Because Clonorchis sinensis could induce the serious complications such as cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma, authors thought that clonorchiasis requird early diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Therefore the authors surveyed the infection pattern of Clonorchis sinensis for inhabitants who lived in Miryang city, well-known as endemic area for a long time, located at lower basin of Nakdong river. METHODS: The 661 subjects that received workers health examination in Miryang Youngnam General Hospital from September to November, 1996, were surveyed by using questionnaire, skin test and stool egg examination. This questionnaire contained history, duration, frequency of raw freshwater fish ingestion, history and treatment of clonorchiasis, history of other hepatic disease. The authors performed laboratory examination to 54 stool egg positive subjects. RESULTS: Among 661 subjects, the stool egg positive subjects were 54 and showed 8.2% in infection rate. In male(8.9%), stool egg positive rate was higher than female(4.9%). As age increased, stool egg positive rate also increased. Compared to the age group less than 30, stool egg positive rate was higher among age group 30 or over, particularly, in age group 50 or over, stool egg positive rate showed highest infection rate, 31.6%. And stool egg positive rate was increased according to increase of period, frequency of raw freshwater fish ingestion. Subjects with history of clonorchiasis and administrating Praziquantel had higher infection rate than the other subjects without the history. CONCLUSIONS: In this survey, the authors thought that high risk factors of clonorchiasis were male, age of 30 or over(particularly age of 50 or over), more than 10 years in raw freshwater fish ingestion period, more than twice per month in raw freshwater fish ingestion frequency. Then people having these risk factors must be performed various examinations for clonorchiasis, although they had not clinical symptoms, signs and abnormal laboratory findings.
Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis ; Clonorchiasis ; Clonorchis sinensis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Eating ; Fresh Water ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Praziquantel ; Risk Factors ; Rivers* ; Skin Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Goltz syndrome is known as a rare mesoectodermal hereditary disease, characterized by focal dermal atrophies with hernias of adipose tissue and also associated with a multitude of possible skeletal, dental, ophthalmological and other abnormalities. We experienced a case of Goltz syndrome. An one day old female newborn had focal atrophic and telangiectatic skin lesions, microphthalmia, syndactyly and urinary tract abnormality. The finding of skin biopsy was consistent with focal dermal hypoplasia. We report the case with a brief review and related literatures.
Adipose Tissue ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Female ; Focal Dermal Hypoplasia* ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hernia ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Microphthalmos ; Skin ; Syndactyly ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Aseptic*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Dinoprost* ; Female ; Laparoscopes* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

Although it is widely accepted that exercise is beneficial in patients with end-stage renal disease as in the general population, it is not easy to incorporate exercise programs into routine clinical practice. This review aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of exercise during hemodialysis and also to introduce various intradialytic exercise programs and their advantages as a first step in combining exercise programs into clinical practice. Aerobic and resistance exercise are beneficial not only in improving physical functioning, including maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength, but also in improving anthropometrics, nutritional status, hematological indexes, inflammatory cytokines, depression, and health-related quality of life. However, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of exercise are limited to only relatively healthy dialysis patients. Therefore, the effects of individualized exercise programs for elderly patients or patients with comorbid conditions need to be studied further.
Aged ; Cytokines ; Depression ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Muscle Strength ; Nutritional Status ; Oxygen ; Quality of Life ; Renal Dialysis ; Resin Cements

Various neurotransmitters have been proposed as possible mediators of penile erection. Especially, norepinephrine and serotonin might have a important role in sexual arousal and penile erection. And it could be hypothesized that the psychogenic impotence is associated with the depletion or imbalance of norepinephrine and serotonin from evidences such as the symptomatic manifestation of depression and the antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. The authors investigates the association of norepienphrine and serotonin with psychogenic impotence. The psychogenic impotent group(PIG) consisted of twenty-three patients with psychogenic impotence and the controlled group(CG) consisted of twenty-seven patients without psychogenic impotence. PIG had no organic cause accounting for their erectile dysfunction. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were applied to each subject to assess mood, state anxiety(SA) and trait anxiety(TA). Plasma norepinephrine level from systemic blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(HIAA) levels from 24-hours urine were measured in each subject. The mean score of BDI of PIG was significantly higher than that of CG(p=0.015). PIG had a tendency of higher TA compared with CG(p=0.054). And also SA was higher in PIG, bud did not show significant difference(p=0.193). The level of norepinephrine was significantly lower in patient with psychogenic impotence(p=0.000). And the level of 24-hours urine 5-HIAA was lower in PIG but did not show significant difference(p=0.494). Although the authors did not exclude depressive disorders in PIG, the present findings suggest that psychogenic impotence might have higher depressive mood and trait anxiety, and be associated with the depletion of norepinephrine in systemic blood.
Anxiety ; Arousal ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine* ; Penile Erection ; Plasma ; Serotonin*

Tracheal intubation for general anesthesia is usually performed using a rigid laryngoscope and reguires the mandible to be opened with forward and upward traction of the patient's jaw which may at times result in the inadvertant injury to temporomandibular joint(TMJ). The injury may include internal derangement, dislocation and hematoma of TMJ; subsequent intraarticular adhesion formation ; dislocation of the meniscus, and rarely auriculotemporal nerve damage from traumatic TMJ dislocation. We studied in 200 patients the size of mouth opening during intubation, the change of mouth opening by tracheal intubation evaluated after operation, and any TMJ disorder arising after tracheal intubation. The results were as follows; 1) The mean size of mouth opening before operation was 42.7+/-7.0 and 40.6+/-6.2mm in male and female patients, respectively. 2) The mean size of mouth opening during intubation was 24.7+/-2.6 and 23.4+/-2.7mm in male and female patients, respectively. When vecuronium was used to prevent fasciculation, the mean was 24.3+/-3.1 and 25.2+/-2.0mm in male and female patients, respectively. 3) One week following operation The mean size of mouth opening one week postoperation was 48.3+/-8.9 and 42.2+/-6.3mm in male and female patients, respectively. When vecuronium was used to prevent fasciculation, the mean size of mouth opening was 55.5+/-5.3 and 43.2+/-6.2mm in male and female patients, respectively. 4) Five patients complained of discomfort around TMJ after tracheal intubation. It seems that upward 45 mandibule lifting by laryngoscope caused trauma to TMJs.
Anesthesia, General ; Dislocations ; Fasciculation ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Jaw ; Laryngoscopes ; Lifting ; Male ; Mandible ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Traction ; Vecuronium Bromide